Circulation:每天减少 200 卡热量及锻炼可以改善肥胖老年人的心脏健康

2021-08-03 Sunny MedSci原创

对于年长、肥胖的成年人来说,通过适度运动每天仅减少 200 卡路里的热量比单纯的大量运动获得的回报更大。在肥胖的老年人中,与仅运动或运动加更严格的饮食相比,将有氧运动与每日卡路里的适度减少相结合,可显

对于年长、肥胖的成年人来说,通过适度运动每天仅减少 200 卡路里的热量比单纯的大量运动获得的回报更大。在肥胖的老年人中,与仅运动或运动加更严格的饮食相比,将有氧运动与每日卡路里的适度减少相结合,可显着改善主动脉僵硬度(衡量血管健康的指标,会影响心血管疾病)。该研究近期发表在美国心脏协会旗舰期刊《循环》(Circulation)上 。

可改变的生活方式因素,如健康饮食和定期体育锻炼, 可能有助于抵消与年龄相关的主动脉僵硬度增加。尽管有氧运动通常对主动脉结构和功能有有利影响,但先前的研究表明,单独运动可能不足以改善肥胖老年人的主动脉僵硬度。

这是第一项评估有氧运动训练对主动脉僵硬的影响的研究,通过心血管磁共振成像 (CMR) 进行测量以获得主动脉的详细图像,试图确定与肥胖老年人单独进行有氧运动相比,增加热量限制是否会导致血管健康得到更大的改善。

这项随机对照试验包括160名年龄在 65-79岁之间且肥胖(BMI=30-45 kg/m2)的久坐成年人。参与者的平均年龄为69岁。参与者被随机分配到三个干预组,研究为期 20 周:

1) 仅以正常饮食进行锻炼;

2)运动加适度热量限制(减少约250卡路里/天);

3)运动加上更严格的卡路里限制(减少大约 600 卡路里/天)。

两个卡路里限制组在注册营养师的指导下接受预制午餐和晚餐,其中脂肪的卡路里低于 30%,每公斤理想体重至少含有 0.8克蛋白质;他们根据营养师批准的菜单制作自己的早餐。在维克森林医学院老年病研究中心进行的为期20周的研究期间,研究中的每个人每周接受4天有监督的有氧运动训练。

主动脉的结构和功能通过心血管磁共振成像进行评估,以测量主动脉弓脉搏波速度 (PWV)(血液通过主动脉的速度)和扩张性,或主动脉扩张和收缩的能力。较高的 PWV 值和较低的可扩张性值表明主动脉更僵硬。

研究结果发现,在五个月的研究期间,体重减轻近 10% 或约 20 磅与主动脉僵硬的显着改善有关——仅在分配到运动加适度卡路里限制组的参与者中。其他发现包括:

-运动加适度卡路里限制组的血管可扩张性增加了 21%,PWV减少了 8%

-在仅运动组或运动加更密集的卡路里限制组中,主动脉僵硬度测量值均无显着变化

-与仅运动组相比,卡路里限制组的 BMI、总脂肪量、体脂百分比、腹部脂肪和腰围的变化更大

-尽管强化卡路里限制组的卡路里减少了近两倍(卡路里减少了 26.7%,而卡路里减少了 14.2%),但卡路里限制组之间的体重减轻相似。

DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051943

研究结果表明,旨在增加有氧运动和适度减少每日卡路里摄入量的生活方式改变可能有助于降低主动脉僵硬和改善整体血管健康,然而,也进一步发现,减少卡路里摄入量最多的组在主动脉僵硬方面没有任何改善,尽管他们的体重和血压下降与适度卡路里限制的参与者相似。

这些结果表明,将运动与适度的卡路里限制相结合,相比于更严格的卡路里限制或无卡路里限制,可能会最大限度地提高血管健康的益处,同时还能优化减肥和改善身体成分和身体脂肪分布. 更高强度的卡路里限制可能没有必要或建议的发现对减肥建议具有重要意义,以改善肥胖老年人的心血管疾病风险。

原始出处:

Effects of Exercise and Weight Loss on Proximal Aortic Stiffness in Older Adults With Obesity.DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051943

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    2021-08-03 jingjing

    运动锻炼应该是健康第一要素,对各类疾病都应该有益。但是国内这方面研究太少

    0