J Clin Oncol:临床试验表明女性患者接受抗肿瘤治疗更容易出现严重不良反应

2022-02-05 yd2015 MedSci原创

研究表明,在多种治疗模式下,女性症状性AEs和血液学AEs的严重程度更高,表明存在广泛的性别差异。

有研究表明,女性患者化疗时不良事件(AEs)比男性多,但很少有研究调查免疫或靶向治疗的性别差异。因此,国外研究团队开展了相关研究,评估不同治疗手段的性别AEs差异。相关结果发表在Journal of Clinical Oncology杂志上。

在1980年至2019年期间进行的SWOG II期和III期临床试验中,我们按性别分析了治疗相关的AEs,不包括性别特异性癌症。

共23,296例患者(女性8,838例[37.9%];男性,14458[62.1%]),从202项试验经历274,688次AEs进行分析;17417人接受了化疗,2319人接受了免疫治疗,3560人接受了靶向治疗。最常见的癌症是胃肠道(26.1%)、肺部(20.5%)和白血病(12.1%;总的来说,34.7%的患者年龄在65岁或以上,9.0%为黑人,25.6%为肥胖。女性患者更多为<65岁(66.6% v 64.4%, P<0.001)、黑人(9.8% v 8.6%, P=0.001)和肥胖(27.7% v 24.3%, P<0.001)。四分之一(24.4%)的患者接受了辅助治疗。化疗在1989年至1999年的试验中尤为常见(68.4%),而免疫治疗(53.6%)和靶向治疗(50.3%)在2010年至2019年的试验中更为常见。女性的中位治疗时间为88天(四分位数范围34- 170天),男性为84天(四分位数范围37-167天)(p=0.16)。

在所有患者中,64.6% (n 5 15,051)发生了一次或多次严重的AEs。与男性相比,女性比男性增加34%的严重毒性风险(68.6% v 62.2%,OR=1.34;95%CI: 1.27 ~ 1.42;P<0.001)。在每个治疗领域,均观察到女性比男性严重毒性的风险增加,其中免疫治疗的风险增加最大(OR=1.49;95%CI: 1.24 ~ 1.78;P<0.001)。

             女性与不同治疗方式严重AEs关系

在所有治疗中,女性经历≧5种严重AEs的风险增加25%(女性,57.4% vs男性,52.2%,OR= 1.25;95%CI: 1.18 ~ 1.32;P<0.001)。与目标AEs相比,症状性AEs≧5种严重AEs的风险增加更大。这种关系在女性接受免疫治疗(OR=1.42;95%CI: 1.14 ~ 1.77;P<0.001)或靶向治疗(OR= 1.50;95%CI: 1.27 ~ 1.78;P<0.001)。

女性有30%或更高的风险出现症状(女性,33.3% vs男性,27.9%;OR=1.33;95%CI: 1.26 ~ 1.41;P<0.001)和血液学(女性45.2%,男性39.1%;OR=1.30;95% CI, 1.23 ~ 1.37;P<0.001) AEs。非血液学的客观风险在女性中也显著更高(女性30.9% vs男性29.0%;OR=1.08;95%CI: 1.02 ~ 1.14;P=0.01)。在接受免疫治疗的患者中,女性的症状性和血液学AEs的风险显著高于男性(女性,33.7% vs男性,25.4%;OR=1.66;95%可信区间(CI): 1.37 ~ 2.01;P<0.001)。在整个治疗领域,女性与男性发生客观的非血液学AEs的风险相似。

在接受免疫治疗的患者中,接受免疫检查点抑制剂的女性发生症状性AEs的风险更大(n=877;女性19.6% vs男性13.0%;OR=1.54;95%CI: 1.05 ~ 2.26;P=0.03),还有免疫系统调节剂(n 5.1243;女性44.1% vs男性33.6%;OR=1.62;95%CI: 1.27 ~ 2.06;P<0.001)。这种关联在无症状的AEs中没有观察到。

在有症状的AEs中,接受化疗的女性显著增加了有症状的皮肤AEs(1、2和3级)和口腔AEs(1至4级)。

综上,研究表明,在多种治疗模式下,女性症状性AEs和血液学AEs的严重程度更高,表明存在广泛的性别差异。

原始出处:

Unger JM, Vaidya R, Albain KS, LeBlanc M, Minasian LM, Gotay CC, Henry NL, Fisch MJ, Lee SM, Blanke CD, Hershman DL. Sex Differences in Risk of Severe Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Immunotherapy, Targeted Therapy, or Chemotherapy in Cancer Clinical Trials. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Feb 4:JCO2102377. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.02377. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35119908.

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    2022-03-25 minlingfeng
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    2022-02-11 妙医生

    受益匪浅

    0

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    2022-02-06 小小医者

    女性耐受力可能更强

    0

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