研究首次证实野生动物广泛接触新冠病毒,美国东北部1/3白尾鹿或感染新冠

2021-08-08 JACKZHAO MedSci原创

近期,《自然》杂志网站一篇报道称,

White-tailed deer fawn resting in long grass

近期,《自然》杂志网站一篇报道称,美国农业部研究人员对美国东北部部分白尾鹿的血清样本进行冠病病毒抗体分析研究发现,三分之一被抽样的白尾鹿体内有冠病病毒相关抗体,这表明它们曾感染新冠病毒。

白尾鹿的 SARS-CoV-2 血清学结果。 使用 Genscript cPass™ 替代品测试血清样品
病毒中和试验(sVNT)

 

这项研究结果在 7 月 29 日发表在 bioRxiv 上的预印本中,文章尚未经过同行评审。研究最大发现:美国东北部三分之一的白尾鹿具有针对 SARS-CoV-2 的抗体——这表明它们已感染了该病毒。研究人员检测了2021年1月至3月在美国密歇根州、宾夕法尼亚州、伊利诺伊州以及纽约州收集的385份白尾鹿血液样本,发现40%的样本能检测出冠病病毒相关抗体,但被调查的鹿群并未有发病征兆。

研究人员对保存更早的部分样本检测后发现,在2020年初收集的样本中,有3个样本检测出相关抗体;在2019年收集的样本中,有1个样本检测出相关抗体。以2020年和2021年的样本合计来看,美国东北部白尾鹿血清样本检测出冠病病毒相关抗体的比例是三分之一。

研究认为,有几种潜在的传播途径可能使这种病毒进入野鹿群体。 在养殖水貂爆发 SARS-CoV-2 的情况下,直接传播从受感染的人类到水貂的病毒是迄今为止确定的唯一确定的传播途径。 多种活动可能使鹿与人接触,包括圈养鹿运营、实地研究、保护工作、野生动物旅游、野生动物康复、补充喂养和狩猎。 野生动物接触受污染的水源也被提供作为潜在的传播途径 ,尽管来自废水的 SARS-CoV-2 尚未得到最终证实 。 来自自污染物或其他受感染的动物物种也不能排除。

2021 年在美国采样的白尾鹿中的 SARS-CoV-2 抗体检测。 圆圈大小表示测试样品的相对数量。 颜色代表相对血清阳性率,数字是一个县的具体流行率

总体而言,这些结果表明在密歇根州、宾夕法尼亚州、伊利诺伊州以及纽约州的鹿群暴露于 SARS-CoV-2。虽然一些样品的中和效价为相对较高且提示感染,但仍然无法根据以下情况确认感染血清学数据。这些结果强调需要继续和扩大野生动物监测以确定 SARS-CoV-2 在自由放养鹿中的重要性。文章也建议 SARS-CoV-2 监测易感的捕食者等食物链参与者与鹿互动的概率。未来的野生动物监测应包括方法专门设计用于检测、分离和遗传表征 SARS-CoV-2 并识别潜在的变种,以及其他地方性冠状病毒。这些方法结合专门的野生动物疾病监测计划,可以阐明人畜共患病原体如何回流到新的野生动物宿主中可能会影响病原体的适应、进化和传播。

加拿大萨斯卡通的萨斯喀彻温大学病毒学家 Arinjay Banerjee 说,通过对大流行开始后收集的样本进行分析,得出的发现是首次发现野生动物广泛接触该病毒。

研究人员表示,大量动物迅速接触感染该病毒令人担忧,但还需要进行更多研究来评估鹿是否可以在野外相互感染以及其他物种。 “这是一个有趣的观察,但仍需谨慎解读,”中国浙江大学传染病研究员亚伦欧文说。

伍斯特俄亥俄州立大学病毒学家 Linda Saif 说,关键问题是“病毒如何传播到鹿身上,以及它是否会从受感染的鹿传播到其他野生动物或家畜(如牛)”。

据报道,此前实验已显示白尾鹿能够感染冠病病毒,且病毒可以在鹿群中传播。美国农业部一位发言人说,从样本的检测结果以及美国境内存在大量白尾鹿并且它们会跟人接触这一情况来看,其他州的白尾鹿也可能会感染冠病病毒。

加拿大萨斯喀彻温大学病毒学者班纳吉表示,研究数据显示白尾鹿在某个时间节点感染了冠病病毒,但研究人员并未检测这些动物的病毒核糖核酸,因此还无法明确它们是否是病毒的动物宿主。

报道说,现在一个较大的疑问是这些白尾鹿是如何被感染的。班纳吉说,如果这些白尾鹿都有一个相同的感染源,那么其他动物也可能会接触这一感染源。

总之,该研究结果强调了对鹿及其捕食者和其他与鹿有密切接触的动物进行 SARS-CoV-2 调查的重要性。

 

参考资料:

1.https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02110-8

2.SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.29.454326; this version posted July 29, 2021

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    2021-08-10 向药师

    最终的结局是:全民接种疫苗,然后开放国门,与病毒共存...

    0

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    2021-08-09 顿顿顿小侠

    看来新冠病毒是打算在世界上大流行咯

    0

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    2021-08-08 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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    2021-08-08 ms7000000491188674

    前排

    0

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