Circulation:华人学者通过基因工程改造的干细胞,加快心肌修复,治疗心脏病

2021-05-19 “E药世界”公众号 “E药世界”公众号

近日,美国阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校张建一教授团队在 Circulation 期刊发表了题为:Cyclin D2 Overexpression Enhances the Efficacy of Human

众所周知,心血管疾病是全世界第一大死亡因素,占全世界每年死亡人数的30%。心血管疾病同样是我国第一大死亡因素,据统计,2016年我国居民死亡总数为967.0 万,其中心血管疾病导致的死亡397.5 万,占比超过40%。

心脏病是其中的重要因素,心脏病治疗中一直以来的一个提前挑战是心脏病发作后导致部分心肌死亡,心脏无法再生肌肉组织,死亡的肌肉组织还会导致周围的肌肉损伤,进而导致致命的心脏扩张。

一直以来,心脏病研究专家试图通过两种方式修复心脏,一种是注入心脏细胞替代受损心肌,一种是激活受损区域附近心肌细胞分裂,进而弥补受损心肌。

近日,美国阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校张建一教授团队在 Circulation 期刊发表了题为:Cyclin D2 Overexpression Enhances the Efficacy of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Myocardial Repair in a Swine Model of Myocardial Infarction 的研究论文。

研究团队向心脏病猪模型注射了过表达人细胞周期蛋白D2基因的人工诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)分化的心肌细胞,发现能够有效促进心肌细胞增殖,加快心脏修复,并进一步发现,这些注射的心肌细胞通过外泌体中携带的miRNA促进受损组织周围的心肌细胞的修复。为心肌梗死等心脏病的修复和治疗提供了新的有潜力的策略。

在这项研究中,研究团队选用了心脏病猪模型来进行实验,与小鼠研究相比,猪的心脏在大小和生理上更类似于人类心脏,因此与人类疾病临床相关性更高。

在猪模型实验性心脏病发作后,研究团队在其心肌梗死部位周围的心脏组织中注射了约3000万个生物工程化的人心肌细胞,这些细胞由人工诱导多能干细胞(hiPSC)进一步分化而来。这些细胞还过表达了人细胞周期蛋白D2基因(Cyclin D2),Cyclin D2是参与细胞分裂的蛋白质家族的一员。

与对照人心肌细胞相比,过表达人细胞周期蛋白D2基因(Cyclin D2)的心肌细胞显示出更强的修复心脏的能力。它们在注射后快速增殖,到四周时,心脏的病原性扩大变小,死肌组织减小,心脏功能得到改善。

有趣的是,过表达了人细胞周期蛋白D2基因(Cyclin D2)的心肌细胞不仅刺激自身增殖,而且还能刺激猪心肌梗死部位周围的其他心肌细胞增殖,并显示出血管生成和新血管发育。

该研究的通讯作者张建一教授表示,这些结果过表达了人细胞周期蛋白D2基因的心肌细胞移植可能是修复发生心梗后心脏的的潜在治疗策略。

张建一教授

研究团队进一步发现,过表达了人细胞周期蛋白D2基因(Cyclin D2)的心肌细胞是通过分泌的外泌体来促进了附近心肌细胞的增殖。研究团队从培养的过表达了人细胞周期蛋白D2基因(Cyclin D2)的心肌细胞中纯化外泌体,发现该外泌体确实能够促进培养的心肌细胞的增殖。并进一步揭示外泌体是通过携带miRNA发挥作用。

最后,通讯作者张建一教授表示,将外泌体递送增殖性miRNA和过表达人细胞周期蛋白D2的心肌细胞移植结合起来,可能成为一种新的有希望的促进心肌细胞增殖、修复心脏病的治疗策略。

总而言之,这些研究数据表明,使用具有强增殖能力的心肌细胞的治疗可能成为急性心肌梗死患者心肌修复和预防充血性心力衰竭的有效治疗策略。

原始出处:

Meng Zhao, Yuji Nakada, Yuhua Wei, et al. Cyclin D2 Overexpression Enhances the Efficacy of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Myocardial Repair in a Swine Model of Myocardial Infarction. Circulation, 2021.

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    2021-05-21 独孤立克

    干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦

    0

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