Neurology:胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)抗体阳性患者的临床特征:一项法国队列研究

2021-12-04 Naomi MedSci原创

GFAP自身免疫主要与伴有前驱症状的急性/亚急性脑膜脑脊髓炎有关,肿瘤和T细胞功能障碍是其常见的触发因素。大多数患者遵循单相疗程,结果良好。

      胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)是成体星形胶质细胞中主要的中间丝蛋白。针对GFAP的抗体(Ab)已被确认为最近报道的一种疾病的生物标志物,称为自身免疫性GFAP星形细胞病变。建议在脑脊液中检测GFAP-Ab,方法是在大鼠脑组织上进行间接免疫荧光和使用GFAPα的细胞分析(IFA和CBA)。自身免疫性GFAP星形细胞病变是一种罕见的实体,在成人和儿童中主要被描述为伴有或不伴有视盘水肿的脑膜脑脊髓炎,并存的肿瘤或自身免疫性疾病和相关的神经抗体并不少见。激素反应是常见的,尽管复发病例和罕见的致命问题已被描述。虽然自首次报告以来,在国家层面已经发表了一些重要的研究,关于GFAP星形细胞病变仍有几个悬而未决的问题:发病机制知之甚少;临床异质性已有报道,没有统一的诊断标准;评估复发风险和残疾结局的预后因素缺失;但仍然缺乏治疗建议。近日,有研究人员报道了法国首例GFAP自身抗体患者,描述他们的临床、生物学和影像学特征,并评估临床过程和结果。

      研究人员回顾了自2017年以来,来自两个法国转诊中心的所有脑脊液胶质纤维酸性蛋白抗体检测呈阳性的患者,通过免疫组织化学检测,并通过表达人胶质纤维酸性蛋白α的细胞进行基于细胞的分析确认。

  •  
  • 共鉴定出46例GFAP抗体阳性患者。
  • 发病年龄中位数为43岁,其中65%为男性。82%的患者出现感染性前驱症状。22%的患者发现了其他自身免疫性疾病,11%的患者同时存在神经自身抗体。肿瘤的发生率为24%,T细胞功能障碍的发生率为23%。最常见的症状是亚急性脑膜脑炎(85%),57%的病例伴有小脑功能障碍。其他临床表现包括脊髓炎(30%)、视力(35%)和周围神经系统受累(24%)。
  • MRI表现为血管周围放射状强化32%,脑室周围T2高信号41%,脑干受累31%,软脑膜强化26%,可逆性脾病变4例。
  • 尽管临床表现严重,但33/40名患者的病程为单相,与最后一次随访的良好结果相关(Rankin评分≤为2:89%)。
  • 成人和儿童的特征相似。
  • 32例患者接受免疫治疗。11/22例GFAP抗体转阴者。

      GFAP自身免疫主要与伴有前驱症状的急性/亚急性脑膜脑脊髓炎有关,肿瘤和T细胞功能障碍是其常见的触发因素。大多数患者遵循单相疗程,结果良好。

文献来源:Dumonceau AG, Ameli R, Rogemond V, et al. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Autoimmunity: A French Cohort Study [published online ahead of print, 2021 Nov 19]. Neurology. 2021;10.1212/WNL.0000000000013087. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000013087

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    2022-10-08 mgqwxj
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    2022-04-26 yinhl1978
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    2022-08-04 mnda
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    2021-12-05 neurowu

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