Nature Materials:水凝胶——智能敷料的未来

2016-03-18 MedSci MedSci原创

Nature Materials:水凝胶——智能敷料的未来 在未来敷料可能就不止是一种形式了,来自麻省理工学院的工程师们研制出了一种新的粘贴敷料模型:粘粘的,有弹性的,凝胶状的物质,可将温度传感器、LED灯和其他电子设备,以及微型、储存和传输药物的药物库和通道整合到此敷料中。该研究结果已在线发表于 Nature Materials。

在未来敷料可能就不止是一种形式了,来自麻省理工学院的工程师们研制出了一种新的粘贴敷料模型:粘粘的,有弹性的,凝胶状的物质,可将温度传感器、LED灯和其他电子设备,以及微型、储存和传输药物的药物库和通道整合到此敷料中。该研究结果已在线发表于 Nature Materials。


随着皮肤温度的变化,“智能伤口敷料”可在必要时释放药物。当药物量不足时,敷料甚至可发光以提示药物量不足。

这种新型敷料可随着身体而伸展。当佩戴者弯膝或肘关节时,不仅它可始终保持在皮肤上的位置,而且它内部嵌入式的结构和电子设备也可保持不变,且可在拉伸时保持功能。

什么是水凝胶?

各种日常产品中都含有水凝胶特性,从软性隐形眼镜和避孕套到一次性尿布。发胶,牙膏和植物水晶体都是利用了水凝胶。海藻酸钠水凝胶结合芦荟所制得的伤口敷料,可以保持伤口湿润,促使细胞再生。

Gavin Braithwaite指出,水凝胶是亲水性的物质,内部含有80%甚至更多的水分,具有渗透性,允许可溶性的物质转运。水凝胶也具有粘弹性且很湿滑,对环境也很敏感。这些特性使得水凝胶具有多种功能。

正因水凝胶具有多种功能,其未来的应用才如此广泛,包括脊髓再生,神经和组织工程,甚至是器官再生。

水凝胶的结构是其成功的关键。其物理或化学交联的亲水性聚合物链使得90%的水凝胶为水。

想要制造水凝胶,那么形成其基础的聚合物链要么是化学合成,要么来自天然聚合物。这些可以是蛋白质,如胶原蛋白和明胶,也可以是多糖,如淀粉,海藻酸钠和琼脂糖。水凝胶的天然来源包括虾壳和海藻。

因为含水量高所以水凝胶是软的,“湿”且可随意塑形的,如隐形眼镜,此外,其吸水性也极强,如婴儿尿布。水凝胶也很脆。它们的这些特性取决于自身的组成。

曾经有段时间有些材料学家已经看到了水凝胶不同应用方面的潜力,一直在推动这种特殊物质的应用范围。

水凝胶敷料

水凝胶敷料并不是最新的发明,其首次使用可追溯到20世纪50年代,然而,最近的研究发展产生一些革命性的概念。

常见的水凝胶敷料包括可在管和箔包中自由流动的凝胶,它可提供水分,促进伤口愈合,并可清除坏死组织。含水量高可降低伤口的皮肤温度,缓解疼痛。水凝胶还可防止敷料粘在伤口的表面。

水凝胶具有很强的弹性,还可以是多孔的,允许水溶性物质扩散,或聚集,这取决于它的组成。它们可适应不同的需求。

澳大利亚卧龙岗大学将其描述为“地球上生物相容性最好的其中一种材料”。实际上,动物体主要是由水凝胶组成的。

人体组织和合成水凝胶有很多相同之处,而且最新的产品和身体组织有相似的性能,使得这些产品越来越好的适用于医疗应用。

去年,医学新闻报道有研究研制出了一种可以像皮肤一样拉伸的水凝胶。

科学家们一直致力于利用这些特性,希望能够创造出一种能模拟生物组织和功能的“智能材料”。

新型水凝胶

2015年12月,MIT研究小组宣布他们研制出了一套含水70-95%的 “硬的水凝胶”,具有“很强的机械性能。”

新型水凝胶模型可高度伸缩,透明的、可感受皮肤上不同位置的温度。科学家们还整合了一些非常有用的额外的特性。

为了允许水凝胶可持续释放药物,科学家在凝胶基质中插入管或钻了小洞。他们还加入了微型药物库和温度传感器。此外,研究人员还整合了其他用于增强材料的电子元件,包括导电钛丝和半导体芯片。

测试时,该系统允许模拟药物在水凝胶内运输和释放。传感器可使敷料能够监测皮肤的温度,并将药物释放到身体的不同部位,即使是敷料在被高度拉伸的情况下。该传感器还可以监测机体的生命体征。

嵌入LED灯后,即使在膝盖和肘部伸展时仍可发光,提示当前药物的水平较低。

凝胶基质中包埋了钛丝,形成了一个透明的、可伸缩的导体,其电导率保持恒定。

对于水凝胶基质是电子在生物医学领域使用的关键,Prof. Zhao解释道:

“如果你想把电子与人体密切接触应用,如医疗监测和药物释放,那么这个电子设备应该是软的、有弹性的,以适应人体环境。这是设计可伸缩水凝胶电子的动机。你需要考虑的是水凝胶和接口的长期稳定性。”

新的智能伤口敷料的质地、敏感性和机械性能使得科学家们进一步接近可真正模拟自然功能的人工生物组织。

应用:现状与未来

研究人员认为,该敷料最近的使用应该是治疗烧伤或其他皮肤病。

需要时,水凝胶内的微型药物库可响应特定部位的传感器,释放特定的药物,而且随着时间的推移也可保持释放,水凝胶的这种能力将带来非常重要的益处。

关于智能敷料是否可以定制或者是否可以购买的问题。Prof. Zhao说道:“目前的智能绷带可由医生或卫生工作者制定,如药物的类型和剂量。”

在成本方面,他说道:“由于材料(水凝胶)和设备(传感器)的成本相对较低,我们预计这个系统的定价应该也不会高。”

到目前为止,研究人员并未测试该敷料的治疗能力,但是研究人员目前正在进行水凝胶设备的体内试验。

除了作为一个表面敷料,科学家认为该材料还可用于运送电子产品到体内。

Prof. Zhao说道:“新的设备,包括集成了电子和生物相容性的水凝胶,有望在生物医学领域广泛应用。”

这种水凝胶基质可用于植入物体,如用于控制微流体流动的阀门,或用于改变形状的微透镜。整合了水凝胶的植入装置将用于支持移动健康,或移动医疗系统。

现有的葡萄糖传感器往往会引发机体的免疫反应,其组成包括含有致密的纤维的传感器,因此,这些传感器必须要经常更换。该研究小组认为,新型水凝胶可用于创建一个更结实更持久的产品。

此外,Prof. Zhao表示新型水凝胶还可以提高神经探针的有效性。他指出,将大脑看做是“一碗果冻,”那么水凝胶具有相似的生理特性。连同其机械性能的潜力,水凝胶可作为神经探针使用。

进一步的未来,水凝胶或可作为新组织的支架,甚至可作为一个新的器官的基础,也就是所说的再生医学。

这将涉及到将种子或所需组织的细胞封入水凝胶中。然后将水凝胶注射到体内,在那里它将取代受损的组织,并可为组织运输营养物质。随着细胞的复制,水凝胶支架将会被降解,新的组织将取代旧的组织。

MNT最近报道了一种3D形式的液晶水凝胶,其性质类似于软组织。

原始出处:

Yvette Brazier. Hydrogel: the future of 'smart Band-Aids'.Wednesday 16 March 2016.

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    2016-08-22 liye789132251
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    2016-12-08 guozhenyu
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21:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=71837, encodeId=7261e183780, content=“可在拉伸时保持功能”以及更多功用探索, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1307989, encodeId=6ae1130e989b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-22 清泉

    期待临床应用

    0

  4. 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21:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=71837, encodeId=7261e183780, content=“可在拉伸时保持功能”以及更多功用探索, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1307989, encodeId=6ae1130e989b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-21 jiangxianchen

    厉害,期待

    0

  5. 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21:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=71837, encodeId=7261e183780, content=“可在拉伸时保持功能”以及更多功用探索, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1307989, encodeId=6ae1130e989b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 04:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460915, encodeId=79d3146091543, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de4331310a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31310, encryptionId=de4331310a4, topicName=凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e09e6383467, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 04:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=71674, encodeId=6347e16749c, content=都是智能化以后, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-21 老段

    转化临床医学

    0

  6. 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21:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=71837, encodeId=7261e183780, content=“可在拉伸时保持功能”以及更多功用探索, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1307989, encodeId=6ae1130e989b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 04:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460915, encodeId=79d3146091543, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de4331310a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31310, encryptionId=de4331310a4, topicName=凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e09e6383467, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 04:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=71674, encodeId=6347e16749c, content=都是智能化以后, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-20 I come

    有应用的价值

    0

  7. 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21:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=71837, encodeId=7261e183780, content=“可在拉伸时保持功能”以及更多功用探索, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1307989, encodeId=6ae1130e989b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-20 lyh994

    “可在拉伸时保持功能”以及更多功用探索

    0

  8. 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21:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=71837, encodeId=7261e183780, content=“可在拉伸时保持功能”以及更多功用探索, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1307989, encodeId=6ae1130e989b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-20 tastas
  9. 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21:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=71837, encodeId=7261e183780, content=“可在拉伸时保持功能”以及更多功用探索, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1307989, encodeId=6ae1130e989b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-20 lishizhe
  10. 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createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 00:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-20 xiaotaiyang1

    都是智能化以后

    0

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