李子荣:股骨头坏死新分型(CJFH分型)

2013-11-29 佚名 中国科学报

股骨头是支撑身体上半部分的两根骨头,位于在骨盆下方。骨盆一边一个髋臼,两个股骨头球面正好和髋臼配合,起到支撑上体的作用。人的直立行走、活动、劳动都离不开股骨头,它也最容易受伤。 股骨头坏死是骨科较常见且难治性疾病。非创伤性股骨头坏死的患者年龄较轻,如不经有效治疗,约60%~80%坏死的股骨头将在1~5年内进展到股骨头塌陷。而塌陷后2~3年内,多数髋关节需要置换人工关节

股骨头是支撑身体上半部分的两根骨头,位于在骨盆下方。骨盆一边一个髋臼,两个股骨头球面正好和髋臼配合,起到支撑上体的作用。人的直立行走、活动、劳动都离不开股骨头,它也最容易受伤。

股骨头坏死是骨科较常见且难治性疾病。非创伤性股骨头坏死的患者年龄较轻,如不经有效治疗,约60%~80%坏死的股骨头将在1~5年内进展到股骨头塌陷。而塌陷后2~3年内,多数髋关节需要置换人工关节。

长久以来,为了可以将股骨头坏死进行系统地治疗,专家们特意将其分型加以区别。最常见的是ARCO(国际骨循环学会)分型和日本JIC分型,但这些方分型均有不同的临床价值,各有局限,仍有进一步改进的空间。

中日友好医院骨科首席专家李子荣教授在2013年国际骨坏死与髋关节疑难病保髋治疗研讨会上介绍道,我国专家最近提出了股骨头坏死的新分型——基于三柱结构理论的股骨头坏死分型法(中日友好医院分型,CJFH分型)。

据了解,中日友好医院分型经过20年的股骨头坏死的基础研究和临床诊治,以股骨头解剖和病理改变为基础,依据磁共振和CT的影像表现,共分为3大型即内侧型(M型)、中央型(C型)和外侧型(L型)。其中,外侧型又分为3个亚型即次外侧型(L1型)、极外侧型(L2型)和全股骨头型(L3型)。

该团队对153例髋SARS股骨头坏死病例进行10年长期随访发现,CJFH分型对股骨头坏死预后的预测准确性高于目前国际普遍接受的日本分型(JIC)方法,差异具有统计学意义。依据此分型,可对股骨头坏死患者制订个体化、科学的、尽量保存患者自身关节的治疗方案,进行有效、准确的预后判断,进而使患者获得最好的临床疗效。

外伤可导致股骨头坏死,原因在于供应股骨头的血管受损,股骨头全部或部分失去血运而坏死。李子荣告诉记者,目前发现,除了受外伤,糖皮质激素过量使用和饮酒是股骨头坏死的两大主因。激素可使骨合成减少,引起钙吸收障碍,导致骨质疏松,最终导致骨缺血性坏死。为有效预防激素所致的股骨头缺血坏死,皮质激素的使用量不能超过2000mg,使用时间不能超过三个星期,每日使用量不能超过80mg。

李子荣指出,股骨头坏死的诊断和治疗是一项系统工程,早期诊断和个体化治疗可使患者在相当长时间内保留自身关节。但他同时强调,保留的关节必须无痛且有良好功能,如关节疼痛严重、功能不佳,则应及时选择人工关节置换。

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    2014-06-28 redcrab
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    2013-12-26 doctorhe

    这个分型是基于MRI检查,结合中国国情实际应用可能有难度

    0

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    2013-12-01 millore
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    2013-12-01 huagfeg

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