BMJ Nutrition,Prevention,Health:大型长期观察研究:定量坚果或能降低肥胖风险

2019-09-25 佚名 中国生物技术网

北京时间9月24日,一项发表在《BMJ Nutrition,Prevention&Health》上的大型长期观察新研究表明,每天增加半份坚果(14克)与肥胖风险降低有关。研究人员建议,用半份坚果代替不健康的食物,如加工肉类、炸薯条(薯片)等,可能是一种简单的策略,以防止伴随衰老过程而逐渐增加的体重。该研究由美国哈佛大学T.H.Chan公共卫生学院领导。

北京时间9月24日,一项发表在《BMJ Nutrition,Prevention&Health》上的大型长期观察新研究表明,每天增加半份坚果(14克)与肥胖风险降低有关。研究人员建议,用半份坚果代替不健康的食物,如加工肉类、炸薯条(薯片)等,可能是一种简单的策略,以防止伴随衰老过程而逐渐增加的体重。该研究由美国哈佛大学T.H.Chan公共卫生学院领导。

如今,肥胖已成为全球性的健康大问题,并且与心脏病、高血压、中风和2型糖尿病的发病率大幅增加显著相关。

坚果富含健康的不饱和脂肪、维生素、矿物质和纤维,但它们的热量也很高,因此通常不被认为对控制体重有益。但新发现的证据表明,摄入食物的质量可能与数量同样重要。

在过去二十年,美国平均坚果消费量有所增加,但关于坚果的消费量变化与体重变化之间关系的证据较少。

来自哈佛大学T.H.Chan公共卫生学院营养系的研究团队分析了三组独立研究队列的体重数据、饮食和运动情况等信息,旨在评估坚果总摄入量和不同坚果(包括花生)的摄入量变化与长期体重变化之间的关联。三组独立研究队列包括:参加健康专业人士随访研究队列年龄在40-75岁之间的51529名男性、参加护士健康研究(NHS)队列年龄在35-55岁的121700名护士,以及参加护士健康研究II(NHS II)年龄在24-44岁的116686名护士。

在超过20年的监测中,参与者每四年被要求报告他们的体重,以及在过去一年里吃坚果的频率,也包括花生和花生酱。每两年针对每周锻炼的情况进行一次问卷调查,包括步行、慢跑、骑自行车、游泳、打网球和园艺活动。这是用代谢当量任务(MET)小时来测量的,它表示每小时体力活动消耗了多少能量。



所有三组参与者的平均年增重为0.32千克。在1986至2010年间,在NHS研究中,男性的总坚果消费量从四分之一上升到略低于每天半份;在NHS研究中,女性每天的坚果消费量从0.15上升到0.31。在NHS II研究中,1991至2011年间,女性每天的坚果总消费量从0.07上升到0.31。

研究发现,总体而言,增加任何类型坚果的摄入量都与长期体重增加幅度和肥胖风险(BMI为30或更高)降低相关。具体而言:

  • 每天增加半份坚果的摄入量可以降低4年内体重增加2千克或更多的风险。每天多吃一半核桃可以降低15%的肥胖风险。

  • 用加工肉类、精制谷物或甜点,包括巧克力、糕点、馅饼和甜甜圈代替半份坚果,可以在任何4年内使体重增加0.41至0.70千克。

  • 在任意4年内,与不食用坚果相比,每天从零摄入增加到至少半份的坚果摄入量与减少0.74千克体重、降低中度体重增加的风险和降低肥胖症风险16%相关。

  • 每天至少半份坚果的持续摄入量较高,与在同一时间段内体重增加5千克及以上的风险降低了23%。



研究没有观察到花生酱摄入量参与的这种相关性。

在考虑到饮食和生活方式的变化后(如运动和饮酒),该结果依然成立。

研究人员指出,这是一项观察性研究,还不能确定原因,而且这些数据依赖于个人报告,可能也影响了准确性。另外,参与者都是白人,且经济条件相对较好的健康专业人员,因此研究结果可能并不适用于更广泛的人群。

但他们也强调,这些发现与之前的观察性研究相呼应,因此也在试图解释这些结果之间的关联。他们认为,咀嚼坚果会比吃其他东西更费力,因此会减少一定的食物摄入量,而坚果的高纤维含量可以延缓排空,从而让饱腹感持续更久。

此外,坚果纤维也能很好与肠道脂肪结合,这意味着可以排出更多热量。还有一些证据表明,坚果的高不饱和脂肪含量增加了静息能量消耗,这也可能有助于减缓体重增加。

研究人员建议,吃一把坚果代替饼干或薯片有助于避免随年龄增长而导致的体重增加,而且这是一种相对容易控制体重的方法。

他们补充说,养成吃坚果的习惯除了对人类健康的有益影响外,食用对环境友好的植物蛋白来代替动物蛋白,更有助于促进全球可持续发展的食品体系。”

原始出处:
Xiaoran Liu, et al. Changes in nut consumption influence long-term weight change in US men and women.BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. Sep 23, 2019.

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    2020-10-29 lovetcm

    养成吃#坚果#的习惯除了对人类健康的有益影响外,食用对环境友好的#植物蛋白#来代替动物蛋白,更有助于促进全球可持续发展的食品体系。

    0

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    2020-04-18 gaoxiaoe
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    2020-03-19 shizhenshan
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    2020-01-14 lhlxtx
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