PNAS:研究揭示系统性过敏反应的发生机制

2020-07-31 DAVID K 细胞

免疫系统可以保护我们免受病毒和细菌的攻击,还有助于消除癌细胞。先天免疫系统负责侵入性病原体的初始检测和破坏。然后,它会向细胞发出适应性免疫系统的警报,从而消除传染性生物并提供针对它们的长期保护。

最近一项研究中,慕尼黑的路德维希-马克西米利安大学(LMU)研究者们研究了肥大细胞如何调节其钙水平,从而使免疫反应得到控制。

免疫系统可以保护我们免受病毒和细菌的攻击,还有助于消除癌细胞。先天免疫系统负责侵入性病原体的初始检测和破坏。然后,它会向细胞发出适应性免疫系统的警报,从而消除传染性生物并提供针对它们的长期保护。但是,在某些情况下,免疫反应可能会被错误引导,从而导致系统将火力集中在错误的目标上,从而发生自身免疫疾病或过敏反应。

现在,由LMU免疫药理学家Susanna Zierler和药理学家带领的一组研究人员研究发现,肥大细胞中某些离子通道蛋白的活性在防止变态反应和过敏反应以及确保免疫反应不会过度调节中起着重要作用。

肥大细胞几乎存在于人体的所有器官中,并调节免疫系统引发的炎症反应的发生和消退,以此作为抵抗感染和代谢异常的手段。

免疫反应是非常复杂的过程,必须谨慎针对。这意味着免疫细胞必须能够检测与细胞表面受体蛋白相互作用的特定信号,并将其转换为清晰定义的分子相互作用集,从而导致在正确的时间和正确的位置激活适当的反应。在细胞内引发的反应中,包括钙,钠和钾在内的带正电离子的水平发生了变化。事实证明,离子浓度的快速和瞬时变化对于激活多种类型的免疫细胞至关重要。显然,细胞主要通过称为离子通道和离子泵的蛋白质来调节这些离子的细胞内水平,但是在免疫反应的情况下如何控制这些流量尚不清楚。

由Susanna Zierler和Ingrid Boekhoff领导的研究小组研究了选择性调节肥大细胞中游离钙浓度的离子通道的功能。像许多其他细胞类型一样,肥大细胞通过激活钙从细胞内存储中的释放来实现这一目标。内质网(ER)是细胞中钙的最大存储细胞器。但是其他细胞内细胞器,例如线粒体(细胞的发电站)和溶酶体(细胞内废物处理单元),也可以按需提供钙离子。所有这些细胞内区室都由插入专用离子通道的膜界定。例如,溶酶体膜含有一种蛋白质,该蛋白质属于被称为两孔通道(TPC)的家族。Zierler,Boekhoff及其同事报告说,TPC1是调节溶酶体与ER之间钙离子在细胞内分布变化的主要作用。他们证明了小鼠肥大细胞中TPC1的选择性基因敲除或药理抑制作用改变了这些细胞器中所储存的钙量之间的平衡。至关重要的是,这种变化与组胺分泌的显着增加有关,随后在细胞和全身水平上引发严重的过敏反应。Zierler说:“这些结果表明,控制肥大细胞中细胞内钙离子水平的敏感调节平衡的扰动可能导致剧烈的过敏和过敏反应。”

TPC1通道蛋白作为肥大细胞活性和组胺分泌的重要调节剂的鉴定具有明确的治疗意义。Zierler说:“这项研究指出,TPC1通道是治疗变态反应和肥大细胞依赖性疾病的有希望的药物靶标。”总而言之,对免疫细胞中离子通道的靶向药理控制在治疗感染,过敏甚至白血病方面具有巨大潜力。

原始出处:

Elisabeth Arlt, Marco Fraticelli, Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy,et al.TPC1 deficiency or blockade augments systemic anaphylaxis and mast cell activity.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 28;117(30):18068-18078. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1920122117. Epub 2020 Jul 13.

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    2020-11-24 drwjr
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    2020-07-31 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

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疫苗能诱导适应性免疫细胞的抗原特异性记忆,从而实现对目标病原体的长效保护。除此之外,一些疫苗的有益效果大于对目标病原体的保护。这些非特异性效应被认为是疫苗诱导的免疫调节的结果。在卡介苗(BCG)的情况

J Biol Chem:阻断致命的细胞因子风暴是治疗COVID-19的重要武器

杀手不是病毒,而是免疫反应。当前的大流行是独特的,不仅因为它是由一种使每个人都处于危险之中的新病毒引起的,而且还因为先天免疫反应的范围是多样和不可预测的。有的甚至强大到足以致命。

Nature子刊:为何会胖上加胖?那要问问你体内脂肪细胞的免疫反应

当人自身的脂肪细胞引发复杂的炎症连锁反应,进而破坏新陈代谢并削弱免疫反应,此时此刻肥胖症便悄悄恶化了,人们也会感染较高风险的疾病(包括COVID-19)。

LANCET:中英两款新冠疫苗临床试验结果出炉,可诱发免疫反应

两款疫苗均能实现对新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的免疫反应,并且诱导了高效的T细胞免疫应答。

JAMA:来自两对重症兄弟的洞见,这个基因对抵御新冠病毒很重要

《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)近日发表一项来自荷兰团队的研究,对两对年轻兄弟重症患者的分析提示,TLR7基因在人体对新冠病毒的免疫应答中扮演了重要角色。进一步理解和治疗新冠病毒疾病提供了重要洞见。