“癌中之王”早筛新方法!可识别95.5% I期胰腺癌

2022-03-31 生物探索 生物探索

研究团队发现利用细胞外囊泡(Extracellular Vesicles,EVs)生物标记物可检测到95.5%的I期胰腺癌,如果该技术在未来得以验证,将为胰腺癌早筛早诊提供新方法。

近年来,癌症已成为严重威胁人类健康的主要因素之一。近10 年来,我国恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡均呈持续上升趋势,每年保持约3.9%2.5%的增幅。大部分癌症患者,特别是早期症状不明显的癌种,往往确诊时已是中晚期,一旦转移或扩散,不仅治疗难度加大,治疗负担也令人难以承受。

在所有的癌种中,胰腺癌往往很难在早期发现,而手术切除是唯一可行的治疗方法。因此,胰腺癌的五年相对生存率最低,而且发病率和死亡率都在逐年上升。2021年,全球胰腺癌五年生存率实现新突破,但也只达到了10.8%。若有切实手段进行癌症早筛,五年生存率将大大提高。

近日,摩尔斯癌症中心研究团队发现利用细胞外囊泡(Extracellular VesiclesEVs)生物标记物可检测到95.5%I期胰腺癌,如果该技术在未来得以验证,将为胰腺癌早筛早诊提供新方法。目前,该团队将初步研究结果发表在Nature Communications Medicine上。

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1 研究成果(图源:[2]

早期研究表明,癌症早检的潜力方法是使用EVs生物标记物。EVs含有肿瘤蛋白,而这些蛋白作为细胞间通讯网络的一部分被癌细胞释放到血液循环中,通过人工智能蛋白标记分析来预测恶性肿瘤的可能性。为了探索该方法的可行性,研究人员依据EVs蛋白谱开发了一种基于EVs的血液生物标志物分类器,用于检测I期和II胰腺癌、卵巢癌和膀胱癌。

 研究人员对139I期和2期癌症患者以及对照组(184名)进行了研究,所有受试者采血时均是首次治疗。使用交流电动力学(Alternating Current ElectrokineticsACE)(Verita™系统)平台从血浆中纯化EVs,随后进行差异化超速离心法分离EVs、蛋白质污染、蛋白质生物标记物等分析研究。

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2 VeritaTM 及差分超速离心法分离EVs特征 (图源:[2]

研究结果表明,两个早期阶段[I期:70.5%II期:72.5%]的敏感性相似。胰腺癌I期的检测率达到95.5%。除此之外,还检测出了74.4%I期卵巢癌,73.1%的病理性IA期恶性浆液卵巢腺癌,43.8%的膀胱癌,上述结果都具有超过 99%的特异性。总而言之,结果表明EV蛋白可能凭借筛查相关的敏感度检测到早期癌症。

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3 EVs蛋白生物标记物检测三种癌症的分期敏感性 (图源:[2]

摩尔斯癌症中心主任、该论文的共同资深作者Scott M. Lippman博士说:液体活检在癌症治疗监测和疾病复发方面显示出了良好效果,但若用于早期疾病筛查时,则可能会对本来健康的人造成伤害。新筛查技术在早期胰腺癌检测中显示出巨大的前景,在检测早期癌症方面比目前的液体活检多癌检测方法准确五倍。基于EVs的多癌种检测对早期癌症检测具有潜在的临床价值,未来需要更多研究进一步验证。

癌症早筛市场广阔,提高意识是关键 

癌症早筛的潜在价值已得到证实,筛查手段从传统性手段,如影像学检查、标志物活检等,已经过渡到新一代液体活检,但仍存在诸多问题。目前,还有很多癌种缺乏有效的筛查手段,仅乳腺癌、宫颈癌和结直肠癌有推荐的筛查手段,然而,也存在一定缺陷。

1 传统筛查手段vs新筛查手段

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信息来源:据公开资料整理|制表:生物探索编辑团队

癌症早筛拥有广阔市场,但目前仍处于初期探索阶段。单癌种早筛均以临床实验室自建项目(Laboratory Developed TestLDT)的形式获批,正在进行前瞻性研究,以获取临床数据申报体外诊断注册证。直肠癌和肝癌是市场上商业化程度最高的两个癌种,也是企业布局最多的领域;结直肠癌早筛主要包括美国 Exact SciencesCologuard、诺辉健康的常卫清、康立明生物的长安心等获批产品,肝癌早筛主要包括和瑞基因的莱思宁和泛生子的“HCCscreen”。多癌种早筛临床数据尚不丰富,仍处于早期研发阶段,还没有商业化产品。

2 国内外癌症早筛产品(不完全统计

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 信息来源:据公开资料整理|制表:生物探索编辑团队 

癌症早筛发展进程十分缓慢。早筛技术主要基于荧光定量PCR技术和高通量测序技术(Next Generation SequencingNGS),早期肿瘤标记物浓度可能非常低,NGS测序的精确度也只达到千分之一,且若加大测序深度提高检测敏感性就会存在假阳性的风险。尽管有多款产品上市,但从技术层面来讲,都不是很完善。认知度方面,我国对癌症早筛认知度比较低,绝大部分人群认识不到早筛的必要性,认为自身不会患癌,或是不了解高风险人群,相关健康知识匮乏,癌症筛查意识亟待提升。

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4 高风险人群(信息来源:据公开资料整理|制图:生物探索编辑团队)

我国相关领域专家一直在竭尽全力提升完善肿瘤筛查相关机制,多普及、多推广,提升民众的筛查意识。2022年两会期间,多位委员建议建立地方癌症筛查信息平台与国家癌症筛查平台的互联互通对接机制,加强基层癌症早诊早治服务能力。但最最重要的仍是癌症筛查技术,现有技术存在缺陷,期待未来发现更可靠、完善的技术,推动癌症早筛发展,切实维护人类健康。

参考资料:

[1]http://www.cicams.ac.cn
[2]Hinestrosa, J.P., Kurzrock, R., Lewis, J.M. et al. Early-stage multi-cancer detection using an extracellular vesicle protein-based blood test. Commun Med 2, 29 (2022).https://doi.org/10.1038/ s43856-022-00088-6.
[3]https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-screening-tool-ids-stage-pancreatic.html

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    2022-04-02 nakerunner
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903441, encodeId=7aba190344125, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c22f171, createdName=kord1982, createdTime=Sun May 08 17:28:52 CST 2022, time=2022-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1456930, encodeId=c41914569308b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7de159498d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#早筛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59498, encryptionId=7de159498d1, topicName=早筛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a10e5815774, createdName=nakerunner, createdTime=Sat Apr 02 02:28:52 CST 2022, time=2022-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1207741, encodeId=043f120e7419b, content=EVs早筛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=969d2873055, createdName=走,走走, createdTime=Fri Apr 01 07:04:53 CST 2022, time=2022-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1207724, encodeId=0dbb120e72484, content=革命尚未成功,同志仍需努力!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Fri Apr 01 06:12:55 CST 2022, time=2022-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1207610, encodeId=e14e120e610b5, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6f24689570, createdName=showtion_you, createdTime=Thu Mar 31 17:56:01 CST 2022, time=2022-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-01 走,走走

    EVs早筛

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903441, encodeId=7aba190344125, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c22f171, createdName=kord1982, createdTime=Sun May 08 17:28:52 CST 2022, time=2022-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1456930, encodeId=c41914569308b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7de159498d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#早筛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59498, encryptionId=7de159498d1, topicName=早筛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a10e5815774, createdName=nakerunner, createdTime=Sat Apr 02 02:28:52 CST 2022, time=2022-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1207741, encodeId=043f120e7419b, content=EVs早筛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=969d2873055, createdName=走,走走, createdTime=Fri Apr 01 07:04:53 CST 2022, time=2022-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1207724, encodeId=0dbb120e72484, content=革命尚未成功,同志仍需努力!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Fri Apr 01 06:12:55 CST 2022, time=2022-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1207610, encodeId=e14e120e610b5, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6f24689570, createdName=showtion_you, createdTime=Thu Mar 31 17:56:01 CST 2022, time=2022-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-01 weigq

    革命尚未成功,同志仍需努力!

    0

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    2022-03-31 showtion_you

    学习了

    0

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Clin Trans Gastroenterology:血清 Syndecan-1是胰腺导管腺癌的新型生物标志物

胰腺癌是消化道常见恶性肿瘤之一,在肿瘤领域素有“癌症之王”的称号。据柳叶刀杂志记载,胰腺癌确诊后的五年生存率约10%,是预后最差的恶性肿瘤之一。

European Radiology:从影像学角度评估胰腺癌新辅助治疗后的肿瘤可切除性和治疗反应

据称,新辅助治疗可以提高胰腺癌切缘阴性的概率,以提高治疗预后。

Science子刊:减少87%的癌症转移!新策略利用破伤风疫苗改善胰腺癌治疗!

“研究结果表明,这种治疗方法可能是胰腺癌以及其他难以治疗的癌症(如卵巢癌)的一种有用的免疫疗法。

European Radiology:偶然发现胰腺小囊肿究竟该如何让处理?

临床上,在横断面成像中胰经常偶然发现胰腺囊肿,在CT中的发生比例为2.6%,在MRI检查中高达20%。

Immunity:乳酸菌竟会促癌?!乳酸菌产生的吲哚会激活抑制免疫的巨噬细胞,促进胰腺癌生长

由于癌症病人的异质性,不同程度的肿瘤免疫浸润和微生物类群的组成等原因,抑制AhR在癌症中的应用是否存在局限性?

Dig Dis Sci:胰腺囊肿患者发生胰腺癌和胰腺癌相关死亡率较低

胰腺囊肿包括真性囊肿、假性囊肿和囊性肿瘤,由先天或后天因素引起。由于囊肿压迫、囊腔内和(或)胰管高压,患者可出现腹痛、消化系统症状、腹部包块等临床表现。