诺奖10年,干细胞领域再突破!首次获得受精卵分裂仅3天的胚胎细胞

2022-03-23 生物探索 网络

研究者们开发了一种非转基因、快速且可控的“鸡尾酒”细胞重编程方法,能够将人的多能干细胞转化为全能性的8细胞期胚胎样细胞,即相当于受精卵发育3天状态的全能干细胞。

近日,中国科学院和深圳华大生命科学研究院等多家机构的研究者,通过体细胞诱导培养出了类似受精卵发育3天状态的人类全能干细胞,这是目前全球在体外培养的“最年轻”的人类细胞,是继科学家成功诱导出人类多能干细胞后,再生医学领域的又一颠覆性突破。相关研究成果于北京时间3月22日凌晨在国际顶级学术期刊《自然》(Nature上发表(图1)。

图1 研究成果(图源:Nature)

研究者们开发了一种非转基因、快速且可控的“鸡尾酒”细胞重编程方法,能够将人的多能干细胞转化为全能性的8细胞期胚胎样细胞,即相当于受精卵发育3天状态的全能干细胞。该成果将助力实现未来人体器官的体外再生,对解决器官短缺,异体和异种移植排斥反应等问题,有着重大的意义。

2012年,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁发给了成功将已经成熟的体细胞诱导成为囊胚阶段的多能干细胞的日本科学家山中伸弥(Shinya Yamanaka)。人类囊胚期的细胞是受精卵发育5-6天的状态,其进一步发育的能力比较受限。

本研究将该领域往前推进了一大步,首次获得了受精卵分裂仅3天的胚胎细胞。在受精卵发育早期,每天都发生着巨大变化,正是这2-3天,使科学家第一次通过体外诱导得到了人类8细胞期胚胎样全能干细胞。这是迄今为止在体外诱导获得的“最年轻”的人类细胞,具备非常强的发育潜力。这项研究也将有望成为揭秘人类胚胎早期发育的密钥。

“这些全能性的8细胞期胚胎样细胞重建了受精卵仅分裂3次后的胚胎状态,相比过去的多能干细胞,这种细胞可以分化为胎盘组织,并可能发育为更成熟的各类身体组织,为全世界数百万需要进行器官移植的患者带来了福音。”论文的通讯作者,中国科学院Miguel A. Esteban教授、Md. Abdul Mazid博士和李文娟博士表示。

“该进展也是再生医学和单细胞测序技术相结合的完美典范”,论文的另一位通讯作者、深圳华大生命科学研究院刘龙奇博士介绍说,“通过大规模单细胞多组学图谱的方法,对干细胞技术手段在体外或体内获得的细胞或组织进行高效鉴定和机制解析,将极大地加速再生医学领域的发展。”

这是研究人员首次在真正意义上将人多能干细胞“转化”为全能性的胚胎细胞,使得人们可以将“成年”版本的细胞,逆向转化为具有更多可能性的“婴儿期”版本的细胞。同时,由于这次得到的全能细胞更接近早期胚胎的原始状态,若将其用于再生医学,培育得到的器官也将更接近于真实器官的状态,更有利于移植。

这项研究的突破,得益于单细胞测序技术的进步。在过去,研究人员可能得对成千上万个细胞进行处理和培养,成功的概率只有不到百分之十五。如今,基于华大自主开发的单细胞建库测序平台(DNBelab C4),结合华大智造的DNBSEQ测序技术,科学家可以以高灵敏度和准确性的方法进行多维的单细胞分析,快速得到具有重要发育潜能的细胞,并研究这些细胞的发育去向。

本研究中,研究团队还将诱导得到的全能干细胞分类并注射到小鼠体内进行进一步的发育,然后使用华大的单细胞测序技术进行大规模细胞图谱分析。最终,研究人员确定了实验得到的全能干细胞与人8细胞期胚胎细胞高度相似,证明了该细胞的全能性。这为未来使用患者本人细胞进行器官培养,并用于自身器官移植和替换,提供了科学依据。

该研究由中国科学院和深圳华大生命科学研究院牵头,由英国剑桥大学、吉林大学,以及孟加拉国拉杰沙希大学等多个研究团队共同参与。本研究已通过伦理审查,严格遵循相应法规和伦理准则。

 

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    2022-03-24 ms9000000080461052

    `学习了

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    2022-03-25 ailian1202
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    2022-03-25 kksonne
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    2022-03-25 wumeihua90
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205646, encodeId=cee212056463a, content=`学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dbbc5723650, createdName=ms9000000080461052, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 19:02:57 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315487, encodeId=211c131548e48, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461182, encodeId=ff0b146118269, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6af538065fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精卵#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38065, encryptionId=6af538065fa, topicName=受精卵)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd556392201, createdName=kksonne, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1462385, encodeId=dc56146238563, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c0c9191e10' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诺奖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91917, encryptionId=5c0c9191e10, topicName=诺奖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4d36483905, createdName=wumeihua90, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539946, encodeId=faaa153994642, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205444, encodeId=874f1205444ee, content=牛!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 06:21:34 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205436, encodeId=406b12054364b, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1d465591916, createdName=ms2000001386604039, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 05:43:52 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205388, encodeId=cea6120538824, content=有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/08/20/54886e9842d0997b08ed3f134c538d9d.jpg, createdBy=0d1e1365885, createdName=yesaisai133, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 22:15:15 CST 2022, time=2022-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205646, encodeId=cee212056463a, content=`学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dbbc5723650, createdName=ms9000000080461052, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 19:02:57 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315487, encodeId=211c131548e48, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461182, encodeId=ff0b146118269, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6af538065fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精卵#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38065, encryptionId=6af538065fa, topicName=受精卵)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd556392201, createdName=kksonne, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1462385, encodeId=dc56146238563, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c0c9191e10' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诺奖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91917, encryptionId=5c0c9191e10, topicName=诺奖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4d36483905, createdName=wumeihua90, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539946, encodeId=faaa153994642, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205444, encodeId=874f1205444ee, content=牛!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 06:21:34 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205436, encodeId=406b12054364b, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1d465591916, createdName=ms2000001386604039, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 05:43:52 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205388, encodeId=cea6120538824, content=有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/08/20/54886e9842d0997b08ed3f134c538d9d.jpg, createdBy=0d1e1365885, createdName=yesaisai133, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 22:15:15 CST 2022, time=2022-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-24 weigq

    牛!

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205646, encodeId=cee212056463a, content=`学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dbbc5723650, createdName=ms9000000080461052, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 19:02:57 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315487, encodeId=211c131548e48, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461182, encodeId=ff0b146118269, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6af538065fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精卵#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38065, encryptionId=6af538065fa, topicName=受精卵)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd556392201, createdName=kksonne, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1462385, encodeId=dc56146238563, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c0c9191e10' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诺奖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91917, encryptionId=5c0c9191e10, topicName=诺奖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4d36483905, createdName=wumeihua90, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539946, encodeId=faaa153994642, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 01:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205444, encodeId=874f1205444ee, content=牛!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 06:21:34 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205436, encodeId=406b12054364b, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1d465591916, createdName=ms2000001386604039, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 05:43:52 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205388, encodeId=cea6120538824, content=有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/08/20/54886e9842d0997b08ed3f134c538d9d.jpg, createdBy=0d1e1365885, createdName=yesaisai133, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 22:15:15 CST 2022, time=2022-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-24 ms2000001386604039

    学习

    0

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    2022-03-23 yesaisai133

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