CDSR:在3-5D期慢性肾病患者中,药物干预与安慰剂、无治疗或常规护理治疗骨质疏松的比较。

2021-09-29 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)是骨质疏松症的独立危险因素,在CKD患者中比在无CKD患者中更为普遍。虽然一些药物已经被用于有效治疗普通人群的骨质疏松症。

背景:慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)是骨质疏松症的独立危险因素,在CKD患者中比在无CKD患者中更为普遍。虽然一些药物已经被用于有效治疗普通人群的骨质疏松症,但尚不清楚它们是否对改变了全身矿物质和骨代谢的CKD患者也有效和安全。

目的:评估CKD 3-5期和透析(5D)患者药物干预治疗骨质疏松症的有效性和安全性。

选择标准:随机对照试验比较任何抗骨质疏松药物和安慰剂,没有治疗或常规护理骨质疏松症患者和CKD期3 - 5D。

数据收集和分析:主要结果是任何部位骨折的发生率、骨密度(BMD;使用双能量x线吸收仪(DXA)测量股骨颈、全髋、腰椎和桡骨远端、因各种原因死亡、不良事件发生率、生活质量(QoL)。使用随机效应模型获得了效应的总结估计,结果表示为二分类结果的风险比(RR)及其95%置信区间(CI),以及连续结果的均值差(MD)。采用建议分级评估、发展和评价(GRADE)方法对证据的可信度进行了评估。

主要结果:

   7项研究涉及9164名骨质疏松症和CKD 3 - 5D期患者,符合纳入标准;所有的参与者都是绝经后的女性。5项研究包括3-4期CKD患者,2项研究包括5或5D期CKD患者。确定了五种药物干预(阿巴巴拉肽、阿仑膦酸、denosumab、雷洛昔芬和特利帕肽)。所有的研究都被认为具有较高的偏倚风险。

   在CKD 3-4期患者中,抗骨质疏松药物可降低椎体骨折的风险(RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.39 ~ 0.69;低确定性的证据)。抗骨质疏松药物可能对临床骨折风险影响很小或没有影响(RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.79 - 1.05;中度确定性证据)和不良事件(RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98至1.00;温和的确定性证据)。我们无法将股骨颈、腰椎和全髋关节骨密度的研究纳入meta分析,因为它们只报告了干预组骨密度变化的百分比。

   在重度CKD 5期或5D患者中,抗骨质疏松药物是否能降低临床骨折风险尚不确定(RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 ~ 7.87;非常低的确定性证据)。抗骨质疏松药物是否改善股骨颈骨密度尚不确定,因为这一证据的确定性非常低(MD 0.01, 95% CI 0.00至0.02)。抗骨质疏松药物可轻微改善腰椎骨密度(MD 0.03, 95% CI 0.03 ~ 0.04,低确定性证据)。纳入的研究中未报告不良事件。尚不确定抗骨质疏松药物是否能降低死亡风险(RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.22 ~ 4.56;非常低的确定性证据)。

结论:在CKD 3-4期患者中,抗骨质疏松药物可能降低椎体骨折的风险。在中度确定的证据中,抗骨质疏松药物对临床骨折和不良事件的风险影响很小或没有影响。在CKD 5期和5D期患者中,抗骨质疏松药物是否降低了临床骨折和死亡的风险尚不确定,因为这一证据的确定性非常低。在低确定性证据中,抗骨质疏松药物可轻微改善腰椎骨密度。目前尚不清楚抗骨质疏松药物是否能改善股骨颈的骨密度,因为这一证据的确定性非常低。需要进行更大规模的研究,包括男性、儿童患者或不稳定的CKD-矿物质和骨骼疾病患者,以评估每种抗骨质疏松药物在CKD每个阶段的效果。

原文出处:

Hara T,  Hijikata Y,  Matsubara Y,  Watanabe N,Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5D.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Jul 07;7

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    2021-10-01 yangpeizhi
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    2021-10-01 Eleven17

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