IEEE trans :步长生物反馈提高脑瘫患者踝关节外骨骼步行能力的可行性研究

2021-05-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

脑性瘫痪(CP)患者的运动和姿势受损辉对其活动能力和体力活动水平产生负面影响 。他们经常表现出病态的步态模式,包括站立时过度的膝关节和髋关节屈曲,以及起步前减少的踝关节-足底屈曲。这些步态模式与缓慢的

脑性瘫痪(CP)患者的运动和姿势受损辉对其活动能力和体力活动水平产生负面影响 。他们经常表现出病态的步态模式,包括站立时过度的膝关节和髋关节屈曲,以及起步前减少的踝关节-足底屈曲。这些步态模式与缓慢的行走速度、缩短的步长有关。 功能性步态训练已受到临床研究人员的高度重视,目的是为脑瘫儿童开发有效的干预措施。步态训练与生物反馈已使一些个人自愿改变他们的步行行为。当这些参数被用作CP患者步态训练的直接生物反馈目标时,关节角度、时空特征和肌肉活会发生改善,研究发现,步长是一种直观有效的反馈方式,也增强了CP中脚踝的运动能力。

可穿戴辅助设备也有可能加强良好的运动模式,并通过使神经肌肉疾病患者更容易行走来增加训练强度。将生物反馈与体重支持或机器人辅助(即Lokomat)步态训练相结合,可促进中风患者脊髓损伤患者和脑瘫儿童康复。本研究的目的是开发并验证实时生物反馈机制的可行性,以增强CP患者的无约束踝关节外骨骼辅助行走性能。

外骨骼生物反馈系统的主要设计标准包括:(1)临床步态标准;(2)适合儿童的简单、直观的用户界面;(3)包含简单的游戏化技术以强化参与 (4)踝关节外骨骼辅助。 步长作为步态性能指标,是因为它是CP患者常见的临床指标, 对于所有年龄段的使用者来说,实施相对简单且直观。先前一项针对脑瘫儿童的研究尝试了多种生物反馈靶点,并得出结论:步长是所有选择中最直观的,这导致患者队列中踝关节力量的增加 。

 使用为每位参与者定制的无系带踝关节外骨骼(质量:小尺寸为1.85 kg,大尺寸为2.20 kg)提供踝关节辅助,并收集信息进行实时生物反馈。该系统的基本前提是通过使用自动考虑步幅变化的控制策略来增加CP中的跖屈肌缺陷来改善步行功能,从而实现设备和用户之间的无缝同步。 腰部安装的电机和控制组件 。 使用 先前验证的控制策略来估计实时生物踝关节力矩 。在站立阶段,外骨骼提供与生物踝关节力矩的实时估计成比例的自适应足底屈肌力矩。在摆动阶段,根据用户偏好和脚趾间隙的视觉评估,提供0.02至0.11 Nm/kg的背屈辅助。

Fig. 1. - A) Mechanical design of the ankle exoskeleton wore by the users. B) Components of the ankle assembly of the exoskeleton. C) The amount of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion torque received by each participant.

使用者踝关节外骨骼的机械设计

7名6至31岁的脑瘫患者参与了研究。 确定了每个参与者的基线跑步机行走速度和步长。接下来,参与者按照固定的、预先确定的基线首选速度,按照随机顺序完成以下三种步行条件:穿着医生指定的鞋子和矫形器行走;单独协助-行走时与外骨骼;生物反馈加辅助-带生物反馈的步行。收集了每种情况最后20秒的运动、力量和肌肉活动数据。10个摄像头的运动捕捉系统(120 Hz;Vicon)和自定义标记集用于记录运动学数据。

实时生物反馈系统估计的步长与运动捕捉计算的步长有很强的相关性(R=0.771,p<0.001);7名参与者中估计值和测量值之间的RMSE为6.3± 3.3%。参与者的步幅增加了13.8± 11.8%,与基线相比,在生物反馈和辅助下行走时,他们的平均双肢(p=0.05);采用生物反馈加辅助行走和单独辅助行走(p=0.114)以及单独辅助行走和基线行走(p=0.096,)之间的步长相似。

Fig. 4. - (Left) Group-level changes in stance-phase peak hip extension (top), peak knee extension (middle), and peak ankle plantarflexion (bottom) across both limbs for walking with only ankle assistance (Assist) and with biofeedback-plus-assistance (BF+Assist) relative to walking wearing shoes (Baseline). * Indicates statistically significant difference from the baseline, and 
$\Psi $
 indicates statistical significance between Assist and BF+Assist. Error bars indicate standard error. (Right) Plots of hip, knee, and ankle angle for each participant’s right leg across conditions. Shading depicts mean ± standard deviation.

穿鞋行走(基线),单踝辅助(Assist)和生物反馈加辅助行走时数据

生物反馈加上辅助行走导致下肢伸肌力矩和力量增加。与基线相比,站立阶段髋关节伸展和踝关节跖屈力矩峰值增加了50.6%± 42.9%(p=0.041)和15.7%± 分别为17.7%(p=0.03)。采用生物反馈加辅助行走可使整个下肢的峰值支撑力矩增加31.7% (p=0.039); 。单用踝关节辅助行走不会增加峰值支撑力矩或下肢力量,但会增加峰值髋关节和踝关节力矩36.5%± 32.9%(p=0.036) 。生物反馈加辅助和单独辅助在关节力矩或力量方面没有统计学上的显著差异 。 观察到基线生物踝关节力矩与生物反馈加辅助行走时测量的生物踝关节力矩的相对变化呈负相关(R=0.758,p=0.048 )。

研究结果表明,在可穿戴式踝关节辅助行走时提供实时步幅生物反馈可能是一种有效的CP步态训练工具,特别是对于中重度跖屈肌损伤的患者。 与基线相比,生物反馈加辅助几乎可以立即改善下肢姿势、力矩和正功率,而单独辅助则没有或更有限的改善。 研究结果支持将来研究生物反馈和踝关节辅助联合步态训练的积极效应。

Y. Fang and Z. F. Lerner, "Feasibility of Augmenting Ankle Exoskeleton Walking Performance With Step Length Biofeedback in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy," in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 442-449, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2021.3055796.

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    2021-12-25 bsmagic9140
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    2021-05-17 ms1000002096361084

    学习

    0

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    2021-05-06 qilu_qi

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