Ann Intern Med :研究反转“降压治疗增加体位性低血压风险”,强化降压策略放心用!

2020-09-17 心关注 心关注

一项荟萃分析表明,强化降压策略并没有增加血压急剧下降的风险,不应因先前存在的体位性低血压而避免。研究人员还发现,抗高血压药物治疗可以降低体位性低血压的风险,尤其是在没有糖尿病的患者中。

2020年美国心脏协会高血压理事会科学会议(AHA-Hypertension 2020)期间公布并发表于国际顶尖的医学期刊美国《内科学年鉴》(Annals of Internal Medicine)上的一项荟萃分析表明,强化降压策略并没有增加血压急剧下降的风险,不应因先前存在的体位性低血压而避免。研究人员还发现,抗高血压药物治疗可以降低体位性低血压的风险,尤其是在没有糖尿病的患者中。

该研究作者,美国哈佛医学院贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心临床医生研究员、助理教授Stephen P. Juraschek博士在新闻发布会中表示,“我们的发现将挑战有关导致体位性低血压的血压治疗的传统知识,为临床医生对这种情况进行血压治疗的安全性提供了保证。”

研究人员使用了5个随机临床试验的个体参与者数据,这些临床试验评估了强化降压药物治疗的效果,并与低强度治疗或安慰剂进行了比较,以确定强化降压策略是否与体位性低血压相关,体位性低血压定义为患者从坐姿变换为站姿后,收缩压下降≥20 mmHg或舒张压下降≥10 mmHg。荟萃分析共纳入18466名患者,研究具有低异质性(I2=0%)。

研究人员发现,与较低强度的药物疗法或安慰剂相比,强化降压策略降低了体位性高血压的风险(OR=0.93;95%CI 0.86-0.99)。在没有糖尿病的患者中,强化降压策略与体位性低血压的风险降低相关(OR=0.9;95%CI 0.83-0.98),但合并糖尿病的患者并非如此(OR=1.1;95%CI 0.96-1.27;交互作用P=0.015)。

根据这项研究,与站立时收缩压较高的患者相比,站立时收缩压较低的成人发生体位性低血压的风险也较低(血压<110 mmHg OR=0.66;血压110 mmHg OR=0.96;相互作用的P=0.02)。此外,随机化前体位性低血压状态的效果没有差异(交互作用P=0.8)。

研究作者表示,这项研究发现可能与临床经验不符,因为许多临床医生在治疗高血压患者时观察到低血压、晕厥和跌倒等情况,这一观察结果可能是由于强化降压治疗前压力反射敏感性、血管僵硬、心室舒张充盈等血压调节机制都有机会适应有关。长期降压治疗已被证明可以改善这些机制,这可能解释了研究中治疗的有益效果。

原始出处:

Stephen P Juraschek, Jiun-Ruey Hu, Jennifer L Cluett,et al. Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Treatment on Orthostatic Hypotension: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant–based Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2020;doi:10.7326/M20-4298.

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    2020-09-25 咻凡

    长期降压治疗已被证明可以改善这些机制,这可能解释了研究中治疗的有益效果。加入中国经济成本效益会不会更优?

    0

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