Diabetes Care:浙大学者——糖尿病会遗传吗?“糖二代”怎样饮食预防?

2021-09-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在具有较高遗传风险的个体中,坚持健康饮食与血液HbA1c水平和随后的T2D风险的更多降低有关。

 

当我们的认知还停留在糖尿病 = 老年病时,它其实早已逐渐趋于低龄化。研究显示,我国成人糖尿病患病率已经高达 10.9% ,也就是说,每 10 个人中就有 1个患糖尿病。更可怕的是,“糖二代”们的糖尿病患病率相对高一些。

糖尿病会遗传吗?

其实,准确地讲,糖尿病本身并不会遗传,遗传的是糖尿病的易患病体质。从现代医学观点来看,糖尿病患者子女只是遗传了某些基因,而这些基因对糖尿病具有易感性。通常是2型糖尿病(T2D)比1型具有更强的遗传倾向。也就是说,在某种环境中就有可能发病,而避免这种环境,就可能不发病。

为了评估饮食质量与T2D遗传易感性之间的相互作用,来自我国浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院营养系的专家开展了一项研究,结果发表在近期Diabetes Care杂志上。

2006年至2010年期间,研究人员从英国生物库中招募了357419名具有遗传和完整饮食数据的参与者,并前瞻性地跟踪到2017年。根据与T2D风险相关的424个变体计算出遗传风险评分(GRS),GRS越高,表明T2D的遗传易感性越高。对健康饮食的坚持是通过饮食质量评分来评估的,包括10个重要的饮食成分,分数越高代表整体饮食质量越高。

结果显示,在平均8.1年的随访期间,有5663例T2D事件被记录下来。观察到GRS和饮食质量得分之间有明显的负向互动,也就是说,饮食质量越低,GRS越高, T2D的遗传易感性越高。在对主要风险因素进行调整后,GRS和饮食质量评分每增加一个SD与T2D的风险分别增加54%和减少9%有关。

血糖水平与HbA1c水平之间的关系

由于拮抗作用,饮食质量评分和GRS同时增加1SD还与T2D风险降低3%有关。在分类分析中,在极高的GRS组(GRS>95%)的参与者中,发现饮食质量评分增加1SD,T2D风险急剧下降23%。此外,研究人员还观察到GRS和饮食质量评分对基线血HbA1c水平有很强的负作用(P<0.001)。

综上,在具有较高遗传风险的个体中,坚持健康饮食与血液HbA1c水平和随后的T2D风险的更多降低有关。该研究结果支持根据个人的遗传构成来调整饮食建议,以预防T2D。

 

参考文献:

Effect of Diet Quality and Genetic Predisposition on Hemoglobin A1c and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Gene-Diet Interaction Analysis of 357,419 Individuals. Diabetes Care 2021 Sep; dc211051. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1051

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    2021-09-26 ms5000000478457611

    #糖尿病#学习一下

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该立场声明提出75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)后1小时血糖(1-h PG)检测可为一种更灵敏、更实用的方法,用于筛查高危人群的中度高血糖(IH)和2型糖尿病。

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在7年随访中,新发糖尿病与发病后约4年内的认知能力下降速度加快相关(与糖尿病前期相比,下降速度加快约68%),而糖尿病前期与非糖尿病人群相比则没有这样的变化趋势。