PLoS One:IL-3可能是大脑容量“遗传密码”

2012-12-26 顾一航 张刚强 中新网

  近年来,科学研究证实人的大脑容量具有很高的遗传力。记者25日从中科院昆明动物研究所获悉,该所科学家通过研究发现影响脑容量变化的基因,进一步揭示了人类脑容量的遗传基础。   神经系统是人类区别于其他物种最显着的特征之一。相对于其他物种,人类的大脑高度发达,主要体现在全脑容量的变化。如人类的大脑容量是旧大陆猴-如猕猴脑容量的20.6倍,长臂猿的14.4倍,与人类亲缘关系最近的灵长类-黑猩猩的4.

  近年来,科学研究证实人的大脑容量具有很高的遗传力。记者25日从中科院昆明动物研究所获悉,该所科学家通过研究发现影响脑容量变化的基因,进一步揭示了人类脑容量的遗传基础。

  神经系统是人类区别于其他物种最显着的特征之一。相对于其他物种,人类的大脑高度发达,主要体现在全脑容量的变化。如人类的大脑容量是旧大陆猴-如猕猴脑容量的20.6倍,长臂猿的14.4倍,与人类亲缘关系最近的灵长类-黑猩猩的4.3倍。

  近年来,基于核磁共振脑影像学研究表明脑容量具有很高的遗传力,并且与智商和记忆等认知能力高度相关。除此之外,脑容量在多种精神疾病(如精神分裂症)患者中均发生了明显病变。然而,截止到目前为止,仅仅只有少数几个基因被发现与脑容量相关。

  为了寻找可能影响脑容量变化的基因,中科院昆明动物研究所宿兵实验室选取了50个精神分裂症易感基因,并在中国汉族人群中分析了它们与脑容量的关系,最终发现白介素-3基因序列变异与脑容量强烈相关。随后,通过国际合作,他们在欧洲人群中也重复了这一结果。

  研究结果显示,白介素-3除了在免疫系统中的已知功能之外,还参与中枢神经系统的发育,促进神经前体细胞的增殖和存活能力,从而影响脑容量。除此之外,通过体外实验,研究人员还发现了白介素-3基因性别特异性相关的可能机制,即它可以活化雌激素受体,并诱导下游的信号通路。

  负责该项目的科研人员介绍:“该研究进一步揭示了人类大脑容量的遗传基础,对于我们理解精神疾病的发病机制以及神经发生的分子机制都具有重要的意义。”

原始来源:

Luo XJ, Li M, Huang L, Nho K, Deng M, Chen Q, Weinberger DR, Vasquez AA, Rijpkema M, Mattay VS, Saykin AJ, Shen L, Fernández G, Franke B, Chen JC, Chen XN, Wang JK, Xiao X, Qi XB, Xiang K, Peng YM, Cao XY, Li Y, Shi XD; for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Gan L, Su B. The Interleukin 3 Gene (IL3) Contributes to Human Brain Volume Variation by Regulating Proliferation and Survival of Neural Progenitors. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50375.     

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    2012-12-28 aids218