Mov Disord : 绝经期越晚,帕金森患病率越低

2021-09-23 Freeman MedSci原创

女性绝经年龄较晚与PD的风险降低有关,

众所周知,帕金森病(PD)在男性中的发病率要高于女性。长期以来,性激素的神经保护作用被认为是这种差异的一个潜在原因。一些动物研究已经为雌性激素保护多巴胺能神经元免受死亡的假设提供了支持。然而,性激素和PD发病风险之间的关系仍不清楚,因为人类流行病学研究的结果似乎是不明确的。


在观察性研究中,通过自我报告的初潮年龄和绝经年龄的替代措施,广泛探讨了女性性激素终生水平与PD之间的关系。不幸的是,研究结果,包括荟萃分析,都是不一致的。对这些差异有一些可能的解释。首先,初潮或绝经年龄与PD之间可能确实没有关联。其他解释包括,这些关联可能是特定人群的,即取决于与其他影响终生激素水平的因素的相互作用,并且在不同人群中有所不同,如手术绝经的流行率、奇偶性和激素补充。最后,存在偏差的可能性,包括由于不准确或无效的报告造成的残余混杂和测量误差。

此外,通过自我报告来评估绝经年龄是困难的。它通常被定义为妇女闭经12个月结束绝经过渡的年龄。绝经过渡是指妇女从早期到晚期的围绝经期到绝经后阶段,激素水平在很长一段时间内的变化过程。在围绝经期,月经周期持续时间变得更加不稳定,妇女可能会跳过月经。

因此,随着绝经时间的延长,妇女很可能发现越来越难准确地回忆起她们最后一次月经的时间:重复访谈中报告的绝经年龄不一致也证明了这一点。绝经或初潮年龄的误报和缺失值不太可能是随机事件,在与衰老相关的病例对照研究中更有可能,因为这些信息往往是在绝经过渡期发生多年后收集的。


解决这些技术问题的一个方法是通过使用孟德尔随机化(MR)分析。MR分析是基于遗传变异体和暴露之间的关联,以及遗传变异体和疾病状态之间的关联进行的,这样遗传变异体就充当了工具变量。

藉此,UCLA的 Cynthia D.J. Kusters等人,使用MR方法研究绝经年龄或初潮年龄与PD之间的关联。并用来自一个大型外部全基因组关联研究(GWAS)(United Kingdom Biobank [UKBB])的汇总统计被用来建立遗传变异和暴露之间的关联。然后在两个基于人口的PD研究中估计了这些遗传变异和PD风险之间的关联。

在MR分析之后,使用一个大型PD联盟的汇总统计进行了复制和荟萃分析。基于女性荷尔蒙可能保护多巴胺神经元的假设,他们评估了绝经年龄较大或初潮年龄较小是否与女性PD风险的降低有关。

他们使用来自英国生物库的外部全基因组关联研究(GWAS)汇总数据进行了反变异加权(IVW)MR分析,以及两个基于人群的研究(丹麦的帕金森病(PASIDA)研究,丹麦,和帕金森病环境和基因研究[PEG],美国)中遗传变异和PD之间的效应估计,这些研究招募了1737名欧洲血统的女性和2430名男性对象。然后,使用PD联盟(19773名妇女)的汇总统计资料复制了我们对绝经年龄的研究结果,接着进行了综合所有汇总统计资料的荟萃分析。

在他们的研究中,绝经年龄每增加一岁,女性患PD的风险就会降低(几率比[OR],0.84;95%置信区间[CI],0.73-0.98;P=0.03),而在男性中没有关联(OR,0.98;95%CI,0.85-1.11;P=0.71)。

使用PD联盟的汇总统计数据进行复制,估计OR为0.94(95% CI,0.90-0.99;P = 0.01),而计算的荟萃分析OR为0.93(95% CI,0.89-0.98;P = 0.003)。

没有迹象表明月经初潮年龄与PD之间存在关联(OR,0.75;95% CI,0.44-1.29;P = 0.29)。

这个研究的重要意义在于发现了:女性绝经年龄较晚与PD的风险降低有关,支持性激素或其他与绝经晚期有关的因素可能对PD有神经保护作用的假设。

 

原文出处:

Kusters CDJ, Paul KC, Duarte Folle A, et al. Increased Menopausal Age Reduces the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach. Mov Disord. Published online August 23, 2021:mds.28760. doi:10.1002/mds.28760

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    2022-07-22 cmsvly
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    2021-09-24 海豹

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