Nat Commun:肠道菌群开挂了!自身免疫疾病患病风险不同,肠道菌群就不同

2019-08-29 小通 生物通

瑞典林雪平大学和美国佛罗里达大学的一项最新研究指出,具有高发性1型糖尿病遗传风险的儿童与低风险儿童相比,其肠道微生物组不同。

不同遗传风险儿童的微生物组存在显着差异

瑞典林雪平大学和美国佛罗里达大学的一项最新研究指出,具有高发性1型糖尿病遗传风险的儿童与低风险儿童相比,其肠道微生物组不同。

这项最新发现公布在Nature Communications杂志上,研究结果表明遗传风险可以影响个体对自身免疫性疾病发展中环境因素的反应。

1型糖尿病是一种严重的自身免疫性疾病,通常在儿童期或青春期发生。一旦发生,1型糖尿病患者需要终身用胰岛素强化治疗。研究表明遗传和环境因素都在1型糖尿病的发展中起作用,增加的遗传风险不足以引起疾病,环境因素也是必要的,并且起着至关重要的作用。肠道菌群就是这样的因素,近年来肠道菌群研究逐渐成为了研究热点,肠道菌群在免疫系统的成熟中起重要作用的自身免疫疾病中的作用,也备受关注。

最新研究是基于林雪平大学的ABIS研究(瑞典东南部的所有婴儿,All Babies in Southeast Sweden,生物通注)。 ABIS项目目的是确定为什么儿童会患上免疫介导的疾病,尤其是1型糖尿病。

研究对象总共有1997年至1999年出生的17,000名儿童,然后分别在1,3,5,8岁等年龄阶段,研究人员进行随访和生物样本分析。在这项针对403名儿童的新研究中,研究人员希望了解疾病遗传易感性与肠道菌群之间的联系。

他们根据HLA基因的遗传变异分析儿童的遗传风险,HLA基因在免疫系统中起重要作用。 HLA基因的某些突变是1型糖尿病的最强遗传风险因素。在孩子1岁时收集的粪便样品中分析肠道微生物组,结果显示,不同遗传风险儿童的微生物组存在显着差异。

“在具有高遗传风险的儿童中根本没有发现某些细菌物种,但在风险较低或没有风险的儿童中发现了这些物种。这非常有趣,因为这可能意味着某些物种具有保护作用,可能在将来的治疗中有用,”林雪平大学临床与实验医学系高级教授Johnny Ludvigsson表示,某些物种可能无法在遗传风险较高的个体中存活。

之前关于肠道菌群与1型糖尿病发展相关的研究是基于对该疾病具有高遗传风险的儿童。这项研究首次在一般人群中研究了这样一种关系,其中包括具有低,中性和高遗传风险的儿童。

“ABIS具有独特的价值,因为它允许某些类型的研究环境因素对1型糖尿病发展的重要性。ABIS是世界上唯一一个从出生开始就追踪一般人群的大型前瞻性研究,此类研究可以分析遗传和环境因素如何协同工作的”, Ludvigsson说。

接下来还需要进一步研究,分析关于遗传和肠道菌群的综合影响如何影响1型糖尿病发展的。这些结果对于其它遗传学很重要的自身免疫疾病的也具有重要意义,例如乳糜泻和类风湿性关节炎。

原始出处:Russell JT1, Roesch LFW2, Ordberg M3, et al. Genetic risk for autoimmunity is associated with distinct changes in the human gut microbiome. Nat Commun. 2019 Aug 9

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    2020-05-10 liye789132251
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    2020-05-23 liuli5079
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