Sci Rep:神经性表皮生长因子样蛋白1和外毒素1/2相关性膜性肾病的患病率

2022-03-26 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

膜性肾病(MN)是由肾小球基底膜(GBM)上皮下区形成的抗原抗体免疫复合体引起的,是成人肾病综合征的主要原因。MN分为初级MN和次级MN。

背景:膜性肾病(MN)是由肾小球基底膜(GBM)上皮下区形成的抗原抗体免疫复合体引起的,是成人肾病综合征的主要原因。MN分为初级MN和次级MN。乙型和丙型肝炎病毒、自身免疫性疾病、甲状腺炎、恶性肿瘤和某些药物的使用被认为是MN的继发性病因。无继发性肾小球肾炎称为原发性肾小球肾炎,大多数患者血清中存在抗肾小球足细胞抗原的自身抗体。抗M型磷脂酶A受体(PLA2R)和含血栓反应蛋白1结构域7A(THSD7A)的自身抗体是引起MN的主要原因。抗神经表皮生长因子样1蛋白(NELL-1)或信号素3B(SEMA3B)的自身抗体也被认为是引起MN的原因。此外,最近发现,exostosin 1/exostosin 2(Ext1/Ext2)可能是自身免疫性疾病继发性MN患者的靶抗原或肾小球标志物。

    检测血清中自身抗体的方法有三种:免疫印迹法、酶联免疫吸附试验和间接免疫荧光法。肾组织免疫组织化学检测相应抗原可识别有自身抗体的MN患者,即血清中抗PLA2R/THSD7A/Nell-1/SEMA3B自身抗体的存在使GBM的抗原染色增强。激光显微解剖和串联质谱法相结合显示,血清中有相应抗体的患者肾小球PLA2R、Nell-1或SEMA3B的蛋白水平增加。

在美国和欧洲,PLA2R和THSD7A相关MN的患病率分别约为70-80%和1-5%,分别为。据报道,在PLA2R/THSD7A阴性的MN5患者中,Nell-1相关MN的患病率为16%。SEMA3B相关的MN的患病率尚不清楚;然而,这些患者主要是在儿童时期被诊断出来的。因此,在美国和欧洲,大约75%-90%的原发MN患者表现出靶抗原或自身抗体。然而,同样的情况不适用于日本患者;据报道,在日本,PLA2R和THSD7A相关的MN的患病率分别约为33.6-50%和3-9%。因此,几乎一半的日本原发MN患者没有表现出靶抗原或自身抗体。

目的:我们假设Nell-1或SEMA3B相关的MN在日本的患病率高于其他国家。此外,我们还调查了Ext1/Ext2相关患者在原发和继发性MN中的患病率和特点。本研究目的是证明在原发MN中靶抗原的检测率

结果:我们发现,在原发性MN患者的肾脏标本中,PLA2R、THSD7A、Nell-1和Ext1/Ext2的肾小球染色增强的比例分别为53.6%、8.7%、1.5%和13.0%。所有患者标本均未显示SEMA3B染色增强。继发性MN患者肾小球PLA2R、Nell-1和Ext1/Ext2表达增强的比例分别为5.7%、8.6%和22.9%。

图1.一年随访期间原发和继发MN患者的临床参数变化。(A)确诊时的年龄。分别于治疗前(b,c,d)、治疗后6个月(e,f,g)和治疗后12个月(h,i,j)测定尿蛋白(b,e,h)、血清白蛋白(c,f,i)和血肌酐(d,g,j)水平。P原发膜性肾病,S继发性膜性肾病,血清白蛋白,血肌酐,N.S.。而不是意义。

图2.病人分类流程图。原发和继发MN患者中每种抗原的百分比如饼图所示。MN膜性肾病,免疫组织化学,PLA2R磷脂酶A2受体,THSD7A凝血酶反应蛋白-1结构域含7A,Nell-1神经表皮生长因子样蛋白1蛋白,SEMA3B信号素3B,Ext exostosin。*两个Ext1/Ext2染色增强的样本也有其他足细胞抗原的增强染色(一个样本PLA2R阳性,另一个样本THSD7A阳性)。

图3.磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)、凝血酶反应蛋白1型结构域含7A(THSD7A)、神经表皮生长因子样1蛋白(NELL-1)、Exostosin(Ext)1和Ext2的免疫组织化学分析。原发性膜性肾病患者PLA2R(a-d)、THSD7A(e-h)、Nell-1(i-l)、ext1(m-p)和ext2(q-t)免疫染色的代表性病例。原始放大倍数:×1000。

表1 原发性和继发性MN患者肾活检时与ext1/ext2相关的MN的特征和治疗反应。

结论:根据我们的研究结果,我们建议除了临床信息和IgG4染色外,还应评估PLA2R、THSD7A和Nell-1来鉴别原发和继发性MN。这将有助于区分继发性MN患者和原发MN患者,后者恰好具有一些继发性特征。

原文出处: Iwakura T,  Ema C,  Isobe S,et al.Prevalence of neural epidermal growth factor-like 1- and exostosin 1/exostosin 2-associated membranous nephropathy: a single-center retrospective study in Japan.Sci Rep 2022 02 22;12(1)

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慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病(CIDP)是一种免疫介导的脱髓鞘性神经病。典型的CIDP表现为进行性、渐进性或复发性对称性近端和远端的无力和感觉障碍,2个月的病程内即可迅速发展。

J Nephrol:免疫抑制疗法治疗特发性膜性肾病

膜性肾病是成人特发性肾病综合征的主要原因。大约35-47%的持续性肾病综合征患者在10年内进展为肾衰竭。

JASN:利妥昔单抗治疗严重膜性肾病的疗效研究

目前尚无关于利妥昔单抗治疗原发性膜性肾病(PMN)的随机试验的研究。

JASN:RI-CYCLO随机试验| 利妥昔单抗 vs 环磷酰胺治疗膜性肾病

糖皮质激素-环磷酰胺方案是膜性肾病的一线治疗方案。利妥昔单抗治疗是否较该方案具有更有利的安全性?

AJKD:利妥昔单抗+低剂量环磷酰胺+强的松联合治疗原发性膜性肾病的疗效

研究者建议将利妥昔单抗、低剂量环磷酰胺和强的松联合作为一种多管齐下的治疗方法,用于治疗原发性MN患者。