Science Advances:人类最痛的三叉神经痛,治疗靶点来了

2022-08-09 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

三叉神经痛患者脑脊液中会集聚活性氧(ROS),它们会直接激活疼痛离子通道TRPA1,该研究进一步确定了NRF2转录网络是三叉神经痛的潜在治疗靶点。

三叉神经痛,是最常见的脑神经疾病,以一侧面部三叉神经分布区内反复发作的阵发性剧烈痛为主要表现。患者的日常活动,例如吃饭、喝水、说话、洗脸、刷牙等都会引起剧烈疼痛,有些患者甚至微风拂面都会引发难以忍受的剧痛。因此,三叉神经痛也被称为“天下第一痛”,甚至有患者会选择自杀来结束痛苦。那些忍受着痛苦的患者也往往生活质量低下、焦虑和抑郁。

到目前为止,对三叉神经痛的病理生理分子机制仍不十分了解,这导致治疗药物的严重缺乏。目前仅有一款药物获得FDA批准用于治疗三叉神经痛——卡马西平(Carbamazepine),该药物主要用于控制癫痫发作,能够广泛且非特异性抑制神经活动,但其副作用也非常明显。此外,也有部分患者选择手术治疗。但长期随访显示,即使进行了最大程度的药物和手术治疗,许多三叉神经痛患者仍会出现疼痛复发。

2022年8月3日,约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员在 Science 子刊 Science Advances 发表了题为:Identification of the NRF2 transcriptional network as a therapeutic target for trigeminal neuropathic pain 的研究论文。

该研究表明,三叉神经痛患者脑脊液中会集聚活性氧(ROS),它们会直接激活疼痛离子通道TRPA1,该研究进一步确定了NRF2转录网络是三叉神经痛的潜在治疗靶点。激活NRF2抗氧化转录网络与抑制TRPA1一样具有镇痛效果。

该研究使用基于转录组引导的药物发现策略,确定了两种NRF2网络调节剂作为潜在的治疗方法。其中一种候选药物依西美坦(Exemestane)已获得FDA批准用于治疗乳腺癌,因此这可能是治疗三叉神经痛的一种有前途的替代疗法。

在这项最新研究中,研究团队发现了氧化应激增加导致三叉神经性疼痛的证据。与人类患者一样,三叉神经痛小鼠模型同样会积累活性氧(ROS),其中一些会直接激活 疼痛离子通道TRPA1。

研究团队进一步发现,通过药理学或在基因层面抑制TRPA1,能够减轻疼痛。然而,直接抑制TRPA1的尝试在临床上难以转化,此前的研究均告失败。

在这项研究中,研究团队发现,激活NRF2抗氧化转录网络具有与直接抑制TRPA1一样强大的镇痛作用,同时还能逆转潜在的氧化应激。

研究团队使用基于转录组引导的药物发现策略,确定了两种NRF2网络调节剂——Exemestane和JQ-1。其中Exemestane已经被FDA批准用于治疗雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌。因此,该药物能够很容易地重新用于治疗三叉神经痛的研究,可能是治疗三叉神经性疼痛的一种有前途的替代疗法。

总的来说,该研究利用临床、分子和计算相结合的方法,将NRF2转录网络确定为三叉神经痛的潜在治疗靶点。使用基于转录组引导的药物发现方法,Exemestane和JQ-1确定为治疗三叉神经痛的两种候选NRF2网络调节剂。与目前通过抑制神经放电来减轻疼痛的药物相比,激活NRF2转录网络可能是一种通过氧化还原控制来改善疼痛的治疗方法。

 

原始出处:

CHIRAG VASAVDA, et al. Identification of the NRF2 transcriptional network as a therapeutic target for trigeminal neuropathic pain. SCIENCE ADVANCES, 3 Aug 2022, Vol 8, Issue 31.

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    2022-08-10 jichang
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    2022-08-10 贵阳

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尽管TN及其病因尚未被完全阐明,但神经血管接触(NVC),尤其是三叉神经根入口区(REZ)的NVC被认为与TN高度相关。