JACC:半数中年人有动脉粥样硬化,控制坏胆固醇还应加强?

2017-12-14 卢芳 中国循环杂志

近期一项发表在JACC的研究显示,中年人群,纵使不胖不瘦,不吸烟,也没有“三高”,但还是挡不住岁月的洗礼——近半人有动脉粥样硬化斑块。


近期一项发表在JACC的研究显示,中年人群,纵使不胖不瘦,不吸烟,也没有“三高”,但还是挡不住岁月的洗礼——近半人有动脉粥样硬化斑块。
 
研究显示,49.7%的受试者有亚临床动脉粥样硬化,11.1%有冠脉钙化。
 
其中有46.7%的人存在外周动脉粥样硬化;22.7%的人有颈动脉粥样硬化;30.1%的人有髂股动脉;17.2%的人有肾下腹主动脉动脉粥样硬化。
 
中国之前的研究也显示,我国有三分之一成人存在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块。
 
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)升高,是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病重要的危险因素。高LDL-C水平定义为LDL-C高于160 mg/dl,正常高值为130-150 mg/dl。
 
JACC这项研究分析了1779名健康的中年人(40~54岁),其LDL-C都不到160 mg/dl。
 
研究者发现,LDL-C水平,即使按当前定义的正常水平,与亚临床动脉粥样硬化及病变程度独立相关。 
 

图1  不同低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平与动脉粥样硬化的发生
 
亚临床动脉粥样硬化定义为超声发现的动脉粥样斑块或冠脉钙化(CAC)评分≥1。病变程度根据左右颈动脉、腹主动脉、左右髂股动脉和冠状动脉等动脉粥样硬化斑块出现数目而定。
 
他们认为,应该考虑降低干预LDL-C的门槛,以更好促进人群健康,并且“有必要在健康人群中明确早期动脉粥样硬化新的标记物。”
 
这也不是第一项支持扩大LDL-C控制范围的研究,此前JAHA上发表的一项研究显示,多数ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者发病前LDL-C水平正常。
 
而美国杜克大学Ann等对福明翰心脏研究后代队列数据的分析结果也显示,35~55岁的青壮年,即使血胆固醇轻度升高也会影响未来心脏健康。

而且就和吸烟者的烟龄一样,“高胆固醇龄”越长,心脏病发生风险越高(图2),每隔10年就可增加39%的心脏病发作风险。
 
 

图2   不同“高胆固醇龄”受试者发生冠心病的Kaplan-Meier曲线
 
“20岁,30岁,40岁,我们彼时对血管种下的因,最终会在年老时结出果来。等到50岁、60岁再去考虑预防心血管病,估计黄花菜都凉了。”Ann曾感慨地表示。
 
“保卫心脏,无关年龄。最重要的自然是饮食和运动了,不过如果控制饮食、保持运动有困难,尽早接受他汀或会获益。”Ann指出。
 
原始出处:

Leticia Fernández-Friera, et al.Normal LDL-Cholesterol Levels Are Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis in the Absence of Risk Factors.Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Volume 70, Issue 24, December 2017.DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.024

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    2018-01-18 hbwxf
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    2017-12-14 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

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