JAMA Cardiol:高敏感心肌肌钙蛋白测定时代的心肌损伤

2019-08-29 Shirl Q 医学论坛网心血管

传统上,肌钙蛋白浓度升高与心肌梗死同义。但随着肌钙蛋白检测技术的进步,现在更常见的是没有明显心肌缺血的浓度升高;这被称为心肌损伤。因为没有心肌缺血,医生可能会错误地消除疑虑;然而,最近的证据表明,心肌损伤与更有害的结果有关。因此,本文回顾了心肌损伤的定义,流行病学,鉴别诊断,诊断评估和管理。

传统上,肌钙蛋白浓度升高与心肌梗死同义。但随着肌钙蛋白检测技术的进步,现在更常见的是没有明显心肌缺血的浓度升高;这被称为心肌损伤。因为没有心肌缺血,医生可能会错误地消除疑虑;然而,最近的证据表明,心肌损伤与更有害的结果有关。因此,本文回顾了心肌损伤的定义,流行病学,鉴别诊断诊断评估和管理

观察结果

目前的流行病学证据表明,无明显缺血的心肌损伤占临床适应症时肌钙蛋白浓度异常的约60%,送往医院的8例患者中有1例有心肌损伤证据。心肌损伤是一个令人担忧的预后; 5年死亡率约为70%,同时期主要不良心血管事件发生率为30%。鉴别诊断范围广泛,可分为急性和慢性起因。最初的检查涉及心肌缺血的评估。如果排除梗塞,进一步评估包括详细病史,体格检查,实验室检查,12导联心电图和(如果没有已知的结构或心脏瓣膜病史)超声心动图。不幸的是,对于心肌损伤患者的常规治疗尚未达成共识。识别和处理潜在的病因是最实用的方法。

结论和相关性

心肌损伤是肌钙蛋白异常结果的最常见原因,随着人口老龄化,心血管合并症的患病率增加以及肌钙蛋白检测的敏感性增强,其发病率可能会增加。心肌损伤对临床医生来说是一个挑战;然而,鉴于其严重的预后,它需要对其潜在的起因进行全面的评估。未来非常需要预防和/或控制心肌损伤的策略。

原始出处:Cian P. McCarthy, MB, BCh, BAO1; Inbar Raber, MD2; Andrew R. Chapman, MD, PhD3; et al. Myocardial Injury in the Era of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays: A Practical Approach for Clinicians. JAMA Cardiol. August 7, 2019. 

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