阜外医院郑哲等综述文章称,双侧乳内动脉搭桥证据有限,但有潜力

2019-06-08 xujing 中国循环杂志

乳内动脉和大隐静脉是冠脉搭桥最常使用的桥血管。联合使用左乳内动脉和右乳内动脉进行搭桥的技术被称为双侧乳内动脉桥(BITA)。 阜外医院郑哲等发表综述文章,指出,目前关于双侧乳内动脉桥的临床应用的研究仍以观察性研究为主,但双侧乳内动脉桥的远期预后优势在不同研究间均显示出高度一致性,提示使用双侧乳内动脉桥在改善患者远期结局上存在很大潜力。


乳内动脉和大隐静脉是冠脉搭桥最常使用的桥血管。联合使用左乳内动脉和右乳内动脉进行搭桥的技术被称为双侧乳内动脉桥(BITA)。

阜外医院郑哲等发表综述文章,指出,目前关于双侧乳内动脉桥的临床应用的研究仍以观察性研究为主,但双侧乳内动脉桥的远期预后优势在不同研究间均显示出高度一致性,提示使用双侧乳内动脉桥在改善患者远期结局上存在很大潜力。

作者提到,动脉血运重建试验(ART)研究是目前唯一一项比较双侧乳内动脉桥与单侧乳内动脉桥远期预后的规模随机对照临床试验。

研究者在2018 年欧洲心脏病学会年会上报道的10 年随访结果显示,两组间远期死亡率无明显差异,虽然提示双侧乳内动脉桥的临床获益可能有限,但对于该研究结果的解读仍有一定争议。

首先,既往研究显示,双侧乳内动脉桥的临床获益在术后5 年以上才最为明显,5 年中期分析结果的临床事件数量仍然相对不足。

其次,研究中16.4%的随机至双侧乳内动脉组的患者实际并未接受相应治疗,这部分患者会对最终结果分析产生明显影响。

同时,单侧乳内动脉组中超过20%的患者同时接受了额外的桡动脉桥,亚组分析显示这部分患者死亡率有低于双侧乳内动脉组的趋势(6.5% vs 7.7%,HR=1.18,95%CI:0.66~2.12)。

此外,研究者还发现,手术医生的经验将显著影响患者结局。

上述原因均可导致无法明确双侧乳内动脉桥的临床效益,也使双侧乳内动脉桥可能导致更多的胸骨感染等胸骨并发症这一问题得以凸显。

作者指出,尽管大量的研究已经证明使用双侧乳内动脉可以改善患者的远期预后,但其临床应用比例依然不高。

据统计,美国1999~2009 年双侧乳内动脉应用比例稳定在4% 左右,几乎无明显变化,欧洲双侧乳内动脉的应用比例也低于10%。

作者认为,高胸骨并发症发生率、相对复杂的手术技术和高质量临床证据的缺乏是限制其临床应用的主要原因,改良和推广双侧乳内动脉获取技术是目前的主要方向。

综合当前证据,美国胸外科医师协会在2016年发布的《冠状动脉旁路移植术动脉桥使用临床实践指南》对双侧乳内动脉桥的应用作出了详细的推荐。该指南是目前关于动脉桥使用的最新指南。

指南明确建议,在胸骨并发症风险可以接受的患者中使用双侧乳内动脉桥(Ⅱa,B),并且提出了降低双侧乳内动脉桥术后胸骨感染发生率的具体措施:使用骨骼化的桥血管获取技术(Ⅱa,B),戒烟(Ⅰ,C),血糖控制(Ⅱa,B),强化胸骨固定(Ⅱa,C)。

作者指出,目前的指南中推荐双侧乳内动脉桥的证据等级均有限,以观察性研究为主,目前唯一一项随机对照临床试验也存在重要的设计问题,影响了其临床推广和实践。

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左心室顶部是左心室心外膜起源特发性室性心律失常的好发部位之一,该区域解剖结构复杂,且毗邻冠状动脉,导管消融风险大、成功率低,是目前消融领域的难题。 阜外医院姚焰、赵明昊结合相关研究数据指出,体表心电图可辅助病灶定位但常常存在偏差,深入理解解剖关系、系统而精确地标测,是消融成功的关键。 左心室顶部是指在心外膜近似扇形区域,尖部为左主干冠状动脉(冠脉)分叉处,两边分别为左前降支和左回旋支冠

Arthritis Research & Therapy:阜外医院大规模儿童大动脉炎研究:半数在5年内复发,肾动脉受累常见

阜外医院蔡军、张慧敏等通过分析百例儿童大动脉炎患者资料,发现儿童大动脉炎患者在诊断后的第一年内死亡率为3%,大约50%的患者在诊断后5年内至少经历过一次不良事件或再住院。

阜外医院开先河,使用虚拟现实技术培养心外医师

心脏外科学被誉为“外科皇冠上的明珠”,但应用传统的培养模式来培养一名合格的心外科医生,不仅学习曲线长,而且从观察学习者到手术者的鸿沟跨越得不太好,医疗差错发生率高。 将虚拟现实(VR)技术引入到心外科医师的培养过程中,效果如何?

阜外医院吴永健等报告,冠脉“一站式”杂交治疗患者,术前贫血增3.3倍急性肾损伤风险

阜外医院吴永健教授团队发表的一项单中心研究显示,在“一站式”杂交冠脉血运重建术后患者中,14.6%出现急性肾损伤,其中86.1%发生在术后72小时内,大部分可完全恢复。 多因素回归分析显示,术前贫血是“一站式”杂交冠脉血运重建术后出现急性肾损伤的危险因素(OR=4.303,95%CI:1.859~9.963,P=0.001)