MedRxiv:高血压和糖尿病导致「新冠」患者痊愈速度更慢!

2020-03-26 转化医学网 转化医学网

新冠肺炎疫情在中国已经得到了有效防控,但在其他许多国家正呈现迅猛的爆发趋势,医疗资源的短缺问题迫在眉睫。病毒的彻底清除是衡量新冠患者痊愈的金标准。那么患者体内病毒清除平均需要多长时间?

武汉大学中南医院的熊勇医生团队对106名患者的恢复时程与其自身的基础疾病状况,采用多种模型作相关性分析,发现年龄、性别以及与ACE2表达相关的基础疾病,例如高血压和糖尿病等,显着减缓患者体内的新冠病毒清除速度。该结果对新冠患者的预后以及医疗资源的分配估算具有重要意义,最近发表在医学预印本网站MedRxiv上。

前期研究表明,重症新冠肺炎常发生于糖尿病、高血压或其他合并症患者中,这些伴有基础疾病的患者病死率高达73.3%。目前尚不清楚这些合并症如何影响COVID-19的预后,可能是由于合并症直接加速了目标组织的损伤,或延长了病毒的繁殖周期。

为了解答这个关键而复杂的问题,熊勇团队研究者招募了中南医院的106名患者,其中包括63名女性(59.4%)和43名男性(40.6%);留院观察天数4-37天,最终99位患者核酸检测阴性,另有5位死亡。患者平均年龄50.9岁,其中包括17例高血压患者、6例心血管疾病、9例糖尿病、2例恶性肿瘤和10例慢性肝病。67例(63.2%)和54例(50.9%)的患者分别使用了抗病毒药和可的松治疗。

研究者们定义核酸检测为阴性时,患者体内的新冠病毒完全清除。招募患者的病毒清除时间中位数为15天。Kaplan-Meier生存分析发现,80%患者在25天内完全清除了体内病毒。

106名新冠患者的病毒清除率曲线

研究者使用了另外两个模型,Cox比例风险模型和Aalen的加性回归模型,纳入了人口统计学、临床和治疗变量,将患者恢复进程的影响因素对时间进行建模。研究者发现高血压和糖皮质激素治疗是影响患者病毒清除过程的重要因素;尤其在患者恢复后期,年龄、癌症、皮质类固醇治疗、糖尿病、性别和高血压等因素产生显着影响。

最后,结合随机森林生存模型的分析,研究者总结出高血压、可的松治疗、年龄增长和男性这四个因素是影响患者体内病毒清除速度的关键。

不同因素促进或抑制患者体内病毒清除过程

研究者认为高血压是病毒清除时间延长的最主要因素。高血压、糖尿病和心血管疾病与肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)的调节异常有关,而SARS-CoV-2入侵细胞的受体ACE2在此系统中扮演关键角色。这些合并症患者可能已经接受过ACE2抑制剂的治疗,可能导致ACE2表达上调,从而增加SARS-CoV-2感染的可能性。

另外,病毒清除时间很大程度上仰赖患者的免疫系统功能。老年人免疫系统衰弱,因此清除时间延长。研究表明女性的免疫力更强于男性,因为雌激素和孕酮可以促进先天性和适应性免疫反应,并且许多免疫基因是X连锁的。糖皮质激素通过减弱免疫系统的杀伤力来避免细胞因子风暴的产生,但也降低了对病毒的清除能力。

因此,研究者通过多种模型的全面分析,发现高血压是影响新冠患者痊愈速度的最关键因素,男性、年长以及其他基础疾病患者也需谨慎估计预后,慎重使用ACE2抑制剂;另外,对于细胞因子发生可能性较低的患者,不建议施用糖皮质激素进行治疗。

原始出处:

Xiaoping Chen, et al. Hypertension and Diabetes Delay the Viral Clearance in COVID-19 Patients. MedRxiv, 24 Mar, 2020.

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    2021-03-27 苏小雨

    学习了很高

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    2020-03-26 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2020-03-26 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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