NEJM: HIF-2α抑制剂Belzutifan有望用于治疗Pacak-Zhuang综合征

2021-11-28 网络 网络

2021年8月,Belzutifan获FDA批准用于无需立即手术的、与希佩尔·林道综合征(VHL综合征)相关的肾细胞癌、中枢神经系统血管细胞瘤以及胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤。迄今为止,Belzu

2021年8月,Belzutifan获FDA批准用于无需立即手术的、与希佩尔·林道综合征(VHL综合征)相关的肾细胞癌、中枢神经系统血管细胞瘤以及胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤。迄今为止,Belzutifan是唯一获批的VHL相关肿瘤全身治疗药物(链接:NEJM:Belzutifan治疗逢希伯-林道综合征(VHL)相关肿瘤效果显著

Belzutifan(MK-6482)是第二代小分子 HIF-2α抑制剂。最新一期新英格兰杂志上报道采用Belzutifan治疗一例Pacak-Zhuang综合征患者获成功的案例。Pacak-Zhuang综合征也是一种神经内分泌肿瘤,主要是EPAS1/HIF2A基因变异相关,属于VHL相关肿瘤。

该女性患者在 6 岁时首次出现左侧无力和复视,起初医生认为,可能原因是短暂性脑缺血发作。另外,存在严重红细胞增多症(血红蛋白水平,24 g/dL),促红细胞生成素水平异常升高(54 mIU/mL;参考范围,4 至 21);因此,又进行了连续放血。针对红细胞增多症原因的种系基因检测,包括检测 EPAS1/HIF2A 中的变异,结果均为阴性。

当患者 9 岁时,开始使用氨氯地平治疗右肾动脉狭窄引起的持续性高血压,并可能与潜在的红细胞增多症相关的血栓形成。在 14 岁时,她的右肾上出现一个富血管肿块,大小为 2.9 cm x 3.2 cm,延伸到肝下下腔静脉,以及还有三个腹膜后肿块。血浆中去甲变肾上腺素水平升高(17 nmol/L;参考值<0.9)。同时,高血压增加导致使用更多的抗高血压药物,而且患者接受放血的频率更高。患者行右肾上占优势肿块切除、右肾切除、下腔静脉部分切除重建及其他3个腹膜后肿块切除。病理检查显示至少有 8 个离散的副神经节瘤和一个萎缩的右肾并伴有肾动脉狭窄。

该患者被转诊至儿科癌症遗传风险计划。 三代家族史对红细胞增多症或副神经节瘤呈阴性,额外的生殖系检测未显示。 红细胞增多症与副神经节瘤的新诊断同时发生导致了 Pacak-Zhuang 综合征的临床诊断。 肾上副神经节瘤的全外显子组测序显示 EPAS1/HIF2A变异,c.1589C→A (p.A530E),在 239 个读数中有 49%; 这种变异在外周血和邻近的正常脂肪组织中不存在(图 1)。 随后的 Sanger 测序在另外四个副神经节瘤中发现了相同的 EPAS1 变异,但在脂肪组织、淋巴结(图 1)或肾脏(未显示)中没有。 EPAS1 突变在多个肿瘤中的存在证实了诊断。

Genetic Diagnosis Based on EPAS1 Sequencing

在最初的副神经节瘤切除术后,停用抗高血压药物。血浆去甲变肾上腺素水平仍略有升高(0.94 至 1.2 nmol/L)(图 2A),并在手术后约 2 年开始进一步升高。在 16 岁时,患者接受了全身 MRI,随后进行了专门的腹部 MRI,结果显示新的左侧肾上肿块(1.5 cm x 1.0 cm)和主腔腔病变(直径 <1 cm)。全身MRI未见中枢神经系统静脉畸形,随后眼科检查未见任何眼部表现。

在 11 个月的时间里,去甲变肾上腺素的血浆水平升高至 22.3 nmol/L 的峰值,嗜铬粒蛋白 A 的血浆水平升高至 1175 ng/mL(参考范围,0 至 95)(图 2A) . MRI 和 FDG PET-CT 显示主要的左侧肾上病变和三个额外的腹膜后病变的渐进性生长和 FDG 摄取增加,其中最大的一个,在主腔静脉区域,大小也增加。患者有反复头痛、反复高血压导致重新开始氨氯地平治疗,以及红细胞增多症恶化(血红蛋白峰值水平,19.3 g/dL)导致更频繁的放血(图 2B)。

Blood Biomarker Response Profiles

临床、实验室和影像学发现符合新的副神经节瘤和难治性红细胞增多症。 鉴于重复手术切除多发性、复发性副神经节瘤的风险和局限性,我们探索了一种靶向治疗方案。 开始使用 belzutifan 每天 120 mg 的剂量进行治疗。

结果:

Belzutifan治疗开始 9 天后,去甲肾上腺素(从 16.2 到 5.7 nmol/L)和嗜铬粒蛋白 A(从 642 到 136 ng/mL)的血浆水平显着降低(图 2A)。 红细胞增多症也迅速消退,血红蛋白水平在第 17 天降至正常范围(图 2B)。 观察到相应的临床反应,在开始用药后 10 天内每日头痛消失和高血压减轻。 3个月后停用抗高血压药。 belzutifan 治疗 24 个月后,没有生长抑素瘤的证据,尽管这种情况已在一些 Pacak-Zhuang 综合征患者中看到; 这一发现可能反映了我们患者的年龄较小。 在撰写本报告时,治疗仍在进行中。

belzutifan 治疗开始前 11 天,主要的左肾上腺肿块大小为 2.4 cm x 2.6 cm,主动脉腔结节大小为 1.3 cm x 1.3 cm(图 3)和两个较小的软组织结节(直径 <1 cm) .所有的病变都是 FDG 亲和的。注意到了其他 FDG 亲和性结节,但新的广泛棕色脂肪激活(可能是由于去甲肾上腺素增加)掩盖了这些小病变的进一步特征。 在开始 belzutifan 治疗后 17 天,占主导地位的左侧肾上腺肿块的大小略有减小。

第 56 天,MRI 显示所有病灶明显缩小。左侧肾上腺病变的大小已减小至 1.4 cm x 1.3 cm,并且主腔静脉结节和其他腹膜后结节现在几乎无法辨别(图 3)。在第 696 天获得的最新 MRI 显示左侧肾上腺病变的大小进一步减小(至 1.2 cm x 0.7 cm),现在明显的主要是正常的肾上腺组织。观察到左肾上腺肿块的 FDG 摄取相应减少,从基线时强烈的 FDG 亲和力到到第 531 天没有明显的代谢活动性疾病

Anatomical Imaging Response.

在临床上,采用精确的分子诊断方法对于确定该患者综合征的分子驱动因素十分关键,这样有望为患者匹配最新的靶向治疗药物的可能。alpelisib治疗PIK3CA 相关过度生长综合征是类似的案例。

这个案例,拓宽了belzutifan用于一些罕见Pacak-Zhuang 综合征的成为可能。

原始出处:

Kamihara J, Hamilton KV, Pollard JA, Clinton CM, Madden JA, Lin J, Imamovic A, Wall CB, Wassner AJ, Weil BR, Heeney MM, Vargas SO, Kaelin WG Jr, Janeway KA, Perini RF, Zojwalla NJ, Voss SD, DuBois SG. Belzutifan, a Potent HIF2alpha Inhibitor, in the Pacak-Zhuang Syndrome.N Engl J Med. 2021 Nov 25;385(22):2059-2065

Jonasch E, Donskov F, Iliopoulos O, Rathmell WK, Narayan VK, Maughan BL, Oudard S, Else T, Maranchie JK, Welsh SJ, Thamake S, Park EK, Perini RF, Linehan WM, Srinivasan R; MK-6482-004 Investigators.Belzutifan for Renal Cell Carcinoma in von Hippel-Lindau Disease.N Engl J Med. 2021 Nov 25;385(22):2036-2046
 

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    2022-01-18 jklm09
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    2022-10-11 lishizhe
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    2021-11-30 zhouqu_8
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1852825, encodeId=9818185282504, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0a254918f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑制剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54918, encryptionId=f0a254918f0, topicName=抑制剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Tue Jan 18 22:53:17 CST 2022, time=2022-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651996, encodeId=7689165199658, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3a3e1e9504' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1795, encryptionId=3a3e1e9504, topicName=ACA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=843c24278901, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Tue Oct 11 18:53:17 CST 2022, time=2022-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1432202, encodeId=0061143220209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9b9e9124a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#综合征#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79124, encryptionId=f9b9e9124a8, topicName=综合征)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Nov 30 07:53:17 CST 2021, time=2021-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1556058, encodeId=6d481556058bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b3e98813c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HIF#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8813, encryptionId=b3e98813c3, topicName=HIF)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=293014689254, createdName=wrj0126, createdTime=Tue Nov 30 07:53:17 CST 2021, time=2021-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1074807, encodeId=f6cf10e480774, content=牛X,单个病例发表在NEJM上, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Sun Nov 28 17:01:21 CST 2021, time=2021-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1074806, encodeId=175c10e4806f2, content=坚持学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210313/9df56058b3964a8cac82563f95f0389d/c1b478592e8e4463bef44d32712e98fd.jpg, createdBy=ea905324251, createdName=SR~young海东, createdTime=Sun Nov 28 16:57:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-30 wrj0126
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    2021-11-28 病毒猎手

    牛X,单个病例发表在NEJM上

    0

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    2021-11-28 SR~young海东

    坚持学习

    0

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