5成类风湿关节炎患者存在误诊误治,多种药物可助达标治疗

2021-03-30 39健康网 39健康网

肿痛、晨僵、关节畸形、终身服用……一听说得了类风湿关节炎,不少患者都觉得这种病要一辈子治不好了。

肿痛、晨僵、关节畸形、终身服用……一听说得了类风湿关节炎,不少患者都觉得这种病要一辈子治不好了。“很多患者对终身治疗这个说法总是很抵触,容易与药价贵、副作用大相挂钩,用药后一旦症状有所缓解就擅自停药或减药,甚至不回来复诊,导致病情反复直至进展。”

中山大学附属第三医院风湿免疫科主任古洁若教授表示,临床上50%的类风湿关节炎患者存在误诊误治的情况,其实如果能在早期发现病人,及时用药控制病情,预后很好,完全可以避免发生骨质破坏等问题,像普通人一样工作和生活。

据悉,作为一种慢性疾病,类风湿关节炎需长期治疗,新药好药又面临着费用昂贵难负担的局面,今年3月1日起,治疗类风湿关节炎的JAK抑制剂新药艾乐明(巴瑞替尼片)被成功纳入新医保,用于对一种或多种改善病情抗风湿药疗效不佳或不耐受的中重度活动性类风湿关节炎成年患者,“进入医保后,患者自付由3998元/盒降至1064元/盒,降幅达到73.4%,不仅极大地减轻了患者的经济负担,同时也使长期规范治疗有了基础保障。”古洁若教授说道。

类风湿关节炎致残率高,及早达标治疗尤为关键

类风湿关节炎是一种慢性、炎症性、全身性的自身免疫类系统疾病,由人体的免疫系统错误地攻击自身组织所致,高发于30岁-60岁的中青年女性,具有病程长、易反复、致残率高等特点,不仅造成患者身体机能受限、生活质量和参与度下降,也给患者家庭及社会带来巨大经济负担,又被称为“不死的癌症”。

据统计,我国类风湿关节炎患病率0.42%,总患病人群约500万,男女患病比率约为1:4,随着病程延长,残疾及功能受限发生率升高。

临床上,类风湿关节炎主要表现为对称性、慢性、进行性多关节炎,以双手、腕、肘、踝和足关节的疼痛、肿胀及晨僵为特征,可伴有发热、乏力等症状;并且随着病情的进展,当累及软骨和骨质时,易造成关节软骨、骨和关节囊破坏,最终导致关节畸形甚至功能丧失。此外,类风湿关节炎还可累及心脏、肺、肾、眼等身体其他器官和系统,引发心脏病变、肺部病变、肾功能衰竭、眼部病变等,严重威胁患者的生命健康。

“类风湿关节炎的病因与发病机制较为复杂,与遗传、环境、性激素及神经精神状态等因素密切相关,一般有类风湿关节炎家族史的人、吸烟者、感染病毒者、性激素异常者属于这一疾病的高发群体。”中山大学附属第三医院风湿免疫科主任古洁若教授指出:“由于类风湿关节炎容易被误诊误治,一旦患者出现关节疼痛等不适症状,可进行类风湿因子(RF),抗环瓜氨酸抗体(抗CCP),抗波形蛋白抗体(抗MCV)和抗角蛋白抗体(AKA)四种指标检测,一旦这四种抗体中一种或几种都是阳性的时候,就需要怀疑或警惕是否得了类风湿关节炎。“

规范类风湿关节炎治疗,新药为患者带来福音

据了解,类风湿关节炎的治疗目标是达到疾病缓解或低疾病活动度,即达标治疗。临床上,常用治疗药物包括非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)、改善病情的抗风湿药物(DMARDs)、糖皮质激素类、生物制剂和植物药制剂等。但这些药物在疗效和安全性方面仍存在一定的局限性,如糖皮质激素副作用较大、传统DMARDs起效慢、生物制剂注射或输液治疗使用不便等。

近年来,随着对类风湿关节炎及治疗药物的深入研究,JAK抑制剂的出现为广大患者带来新的治疗选择,并受到国内外指南的一致推荐。古洁若教授介绍道:“JAK激酶是一个细胞内非受体酪氨酸激酶家族,可介导细胞因子产生信号,并通过JAK/STAT信号通路传递下去。而JAK抑制剂可选择性抑制JAK激酶,通过阻断JAK/STAT信号通路,进而从源头上阻断类风湿关节炎的进展。”

“相比于其它类药物,约90%的患者能在半年内达到有效止痛,此外由于是口服药物,提高了患者治疗的依从性,各阶段的类风湿患者都适用。“古洁若表示,进入医保后,不少患者前来咨询用药,目前三院风湿科也在积极申请药物进入医院,争取早日让患者买得到、用得上这类新药,使医保政策真正惠及广大患者。

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    2021-09-29 13f0c37dm61暂无昵称

    值得学习和思考

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    2021-04-01 lmm397
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