黄疸鉴别诊断经验分享

2018-06-28 冯艳红 消化界

此病例提醒临床医生,有黄疸、脾大,不但要考虑有肝硬化的可能,也要考虑是否有肝外病变,尤其是术后血象“三系”仍偏低且伴有发热、黄疸,也需要警惕淋巴瘤!

病例一

十年反复黄疸、发热、腹痛的病例
 
初次就诊

患者女性,49岁。十年前曾因发热、上腹痛,到医院检查血象稍高、肝功能总胆红素(俗称黄疸)偏高。

肝功能:总胆红素初次检查为65μmol/L,渐升高到105μmol/ L,谷丙转氨酶100~200U/L,谷草转氨酶100U/L左右。

肝炎病毒标志物:甲、乙、丙、丁、戊型肝炎病毒抗体都是阴性。

B超:胆囊壁稍增厚、毛糙,无胆囊结石。

当地医院诊断:急性肝炎(病因未明)、慢性胆囊炎急性发作。

治疗:给予保肝、退黄、降酶及抗感染、扩胆管治疗。

转归:治疗后病情好转,总胆红素及转氨酶降至正常。
 
病情变化

十年间多次发作发热(多为低热,37~38℃)、黄疸、腹痛及全身不适。

血常规:随着发作次数的增加,患者的血白细胞总数渐少,WBC 2.0~3.0×109/L,血红蛋白降至108g/L以下,血小板也降至100×109/L以下。

肝功能:总胆红素波动于50~100μmol/L。

病毒标志物:多次检查都是阴性。

CT及磁共振检查:无胆囊结石和肿瘤。
 
最近一次就诊

患者10年来奔走于多家医院的感染科和肝病科就医。本次入住我院,又进行了肝病科常见疾病的筛查,尤其是免疫性肝病如自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎,以及铁、铜代谢异常的疾病筛查,均为阴性。考虑其血象三系减少,进行了骨穿,骨髓检查报告为:骨髓增生不良,浆细胞多见,考虑为多发性骨髓瘤可能性大。经血液科会诊,转科至血液科进行治疗。
 
经验分享:患者反复黄疸发作且伴有发热、血象减低,不能只考虑肝胆病变,要拓展思路,要及时进行必要的肝外检查,方能不漏诊、误诊,使患者得以及时正确诊治。
 
病例二

儿童期HBV感染患者黄疸持续升高

初次就诊

患者男性,43岁,儿童期确诊为乙肝“小三阳”,多次查HBV DNA<500copies/ml,肝功能基本正常。三十多年来没做过治疗。一年前,患者出现发热,体温最高达39℃,服用了头孢类抗生素等,2个星期体温恢复正常。在当地医院住院,检查提示“白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板都明显减低;B超提示肝硬化、脾大;肝功能:总胆红素54μmol/l,谷草转氨酶65U/L,谷丙转氨酶45U/L,白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)倒置”。诊断为肝硬化、脾大、脾功能亢进。予以脾切除治疗。

病情变化

术后2~3个月,患者病情稳定。之后皮肤及巩膜黄染逐渐加重,总胆红素渐升高到150μmol/L。当地医院予以降黄疸及保肝治疗,效果差。黄疸仍升高到230μmol/L左右,转到A医院,筛查甲、丙、丁、戊型肝炎病毒、EBV和CMV相关指标均为阴性,乙肝两对半仍为“小三阳”,HBV DNA<500copies/ml,自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)及原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)也不符合。进一步降黄疸治疗仍无效,总胆红素350μmol/L。

最近一次就诊

患者于A医院转入我院,黄疸伴发热,体温最高达39℃,血象仍偏低(尽管做了脾切除),考虑黄疸、发热原因不明,遂进行了骨穿、肝穿。肝穿报告经军区总院病理科及上海瑞金医院病理科等多家医院专家会诊后诊断为罕见的T淋巴细胞瘤(淋巴瘤)。
 
经验分享:此病例提醒临床医生,有黄疸、脾大,不但要考虑有肝硬化的可能,也要考虑是否有肝外病变,尤其是术后血象“三系”仍偏低且伴有发热、黄疸,也需要警惕淋巴瘤

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    2018-06-30 楚秀娟
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    2018-06-30 秀红

    学习了

    0

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    2018-06-29 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

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