Cell:畸胎瘤不仅是瘤,还有望应用于多谱系发育建模

2020-11-14 张佳兴 生物探索

发育生物学的研究常常受到模式动物的限制,近些年来,研究人员利用人类多能干细胞(hPSC)开发出了一系列的三维类器官模型,使研究人员能够在3D环境中模拟人类特有的发育。

发育生物学的研究常常受到模式动物的限制,近些年来,研究人员利用人类多能干细胞(hPSC)开发出了一系列的三维类器官模型,使研究人员能够在3D环境中模拟人类特有的发育。然而,这些器官模型仍局限于单一或少数发育谱系,且其规模受到欠发达的血管系统的限制。研究人员一直试图寻求更好的模型进行研究工作。

畸胎瘤是一种生殖细胞肿瘤,它包括所有三个胚层的多谱系分化,具有足够的血管和复杂的组织区域,并且相对容易诱导。因此,畸胎瘤具有作为发育模型使用的潜力。

《Cell》杂志在线发表了美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校Prashant Mali和张鹍团队名为“Definingthe Teratoma as a Model for Multi-lineage Human Development”的合作研究。在此研究中,他们探讨了畸胎瘤作为人多谱系发育模型的潜力。

研究人员将hPSC注射到免疫缺陷小鼠体内,诱导畸胎瘤形成后使用单细胞测序技术对其中包含的细胞类型进行分析,最终得到了23个细胞类型。通过将每个畸胎瘤细胞类型的表达与小鼠器官发生细胞图谱中的细胞类型表达相关联,研究人员验证了畸胎瘤作为早期胚胎发育模型的潜能。

畸胎瘤细胞类型

随后,研究人员进一步评估了畸胎瘤的异质性,特别是不同干细胞系产生的畸胎瘤之间的异质性。结果显示,不同来源的畸胎瘤都包含了主要的细胞类群,但在细胞比例等方面存在差异。相反的是,畸胎瘤细胞类型与人类胎儿细胞类型的转录相似,这表明了其作为建模人类早期胚胎发育模型的效用。

畸胎瘤异质性

为了建立畸胎瘤系统作为人类发育模型的实用价值,研究人员使用CRISPR-Cas9进行了单细胞基因敲除筛选。通过CRISPR KO筛选关键的发育调控因子,研究人员能够同时测定目的基因在人类特定模型中的多种功能。目前,其他人类发育模型目前还无法完成这一工作。

畸胎瘤遗传干扰

研究人员成功地开发了一个miRNA系统,能够将畸胎瘤设计成所需的谱系,并可以应用于发育生物学和人类疾病的研究以及组织工程。

总而言之,虽然此研究尚未验证所有的细胞类型,但畸胎瘤有希望开发为一个平台,用于建模多谱系发育,全组织功能基因筛选和组织工程等。

原始出处:

Daniella McDonald, Yan Wu, Amir Dailamy,et al.Defining the Teratoma as a Model for Multi-lineage Human Development.Cell. 2020 Oct 28;S0092-8674(20)31381-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.018.

 

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    2020-11-28 维他命
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    2020-11-16 neurowu
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    2020-11-15 石虎谭

    多个方向

    0

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    2020-11-14 lovetcm

    #畸胎瘤#能用于药物筛选,或药物毒性检测??

    0

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    2020-11-14 12582d2fm84暂无昵称

    好文

    0

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    2020-11-14 ms5000000581501027

    涨知识了

    0

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    2020-11-14 ms7000001472296566

    0

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