JAMA Ophthalmol:母亲感染COVID-19后会影响胎儿的眼部健康吗?

2021-04-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

SARS-CoV-2的垂直传播似乎是可能的,应该引起关注。

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垂直传播是妊娠期病毒性疾病最严重的并发症之一,通常可导致眼部表现,主要发生在视网膜。一项研究评估了38名感染COVID-19的孕妇,发现新冠病毒与发病率和死亡率上升或孕产妇传播给新生儿没有关联。然而,法国和中国的研究人员报告了3例垂直传播病例。关于新生儿的眼科发现,迄今为止还没有发表与SARS-CoV-2感染有关的研究。由于先天性病毒感染如巨细胞病毒和寨卡病毒会对新生儿的眼睛造成毁灭性的后果,因此确定SARS-CoV-2是否也会引起新生儿的眼部表现非常重要。

近日,有研究者为了确定暴露于SARS-CoV-2是否与新生儿眼睛的预后相关,进行了相关病例系列报告,该研究成果发表在JAMA Ophthalmol期刊上。
本病例系列于2020年4月至11月登记了来自巴西São Paulo三家不同妇产医院的新生儿。母亲和新生儿COVID-19的诊断基于实时逆转录聚合酶链反应法,采用口鼻咽拭子样本材料;IgM血清学阳性也被认为是对母亲的诊断试验。如果新生儿有任何其他先天性感染的证据,则被排除在外。所有婴儿均接受外视检查及双眼间接检眼镜检查。
 
共评估了165名新生儿(检查时的年龄范围为1至18天)。其中足月儿123例(74.5%),早产儿42例(25.4%)。COVID-19检测阳性时,孕妇的胎龄从第1周至第40周不等。6例新生儿(3.6%)SARS-CoV-2聚合酶链反应阳性。一名新生儿在18天内呈阳性(水平传播),5名新生儿在出生第一天呈阳性(可能垂直传播),无眼部异常。结果阴性的新生儿中,1例出现静脉充血和血管迂曲,7例出现视网膜内出血,2例诊断为早产儿视网膜病变。
新生儿COVID-19感染的特点
眼部异常暴露新生儿的特征
 
尽管世界卫生组织没有报告在妊娠晚期感染时存在垂直传播的证据,但本研究显示了一种可能的不同情况。此外,最近的一份出版物报道了发生在孕35周的母婴传播的可能病例。
 
鉴于本研究中的外观与产后出血相一致,很难判断视网膜出血是继发于COVID-19还是偶然发现,因为本研究发现的比率(4.2%[7/165])在已发表的横断面报告(6.7%)范围内。另外,研究中有2个新生儿有早产儿视网膜病变。这意味着出生时体重小于1250克的婴儿的视网膜病变发生率为333%,这也符合COVID-19未出生人群中早产儿视网膜病变的预期发生率。
 
总之,在这项研究中发现的眼部异常率很低,在没有COVID-19的情况下也可能在预期的发现范围内,这表明COVID-19母亲的新生儿眼部异常的风险没有中度或高度增加。为了排除低风险增加,还需要额外的对照和更大规模的研究,包括标准化成像(眼底图像和光学相干断层成像)和眼科医生的标准化。
 
尽管需要更多的数据,但SARS-CoV-2的垂直传播似乎是可能的,应该引起关注,特别是在无症状的情况下,这种情况在人群中非常普遍,甚至在先天感染率很低的情况下,也可能给患者和保健系统带来巨大负担。考虑到眼底检查的无创性,应在前瞻性研究中进一步研究视网膜变化,以了解其在COVID-19诊断和治疗中的可能应用。
 
参考文献:Kiappe OP, Santos da Cruz NF, Rosa PAC, Arrais L, Bueno de Moraes NS. Ocular Assessments of a Series of Newborns Gestationally Exposed to Maternal COVID-19 Infection. JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online April 07, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.1088

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    2022-03-02 huiwelcome
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1776098, encodeId=af681e7609883, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=508ae2913d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#眼部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72913, encryptionId=508ae2913d6, topicName=眼部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=126338864246, createdName=huiwelcome, createdTime=Wed Mar 02 20:12:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1541467, encodeId=6b42154146e86, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c961e37307' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#THA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17373, encryptionId=5c961e37307, topicName=THA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=615b13300589, createdName=1249842em13(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Apr 10 09:12:05 CST 2021, time=2021-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036567, encodeId=a832103656e14, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Thu Apr 08 21:12:05 CST 2021, time=2021-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=955266, encodeId=db229552665c, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Apr 08 18:25:35 CST 2021, time=2021-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2021-04-08 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1776098, encodeId=af681e7609883, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=508ae2913d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#眼部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72913, encryptionId=508ae2913d6, topicName=眼部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=126338864246, createdName=huiwelcome, createdTime=Wed Mar 02 20:12:05 CST 2022, time=2022-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1541467, encodeId=6b42154146e86, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c961e37307' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#THA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17373, encryptionId=5c961e37307, topicName=THA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=615b13300589, createdName=1249842em13(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Apr 10 09:12:05 CST 2021, time=2021-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036567, encodeId=a832103656e14, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Thu Apr 08 21:12:05 CST 2021, time=2021-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=955266, encodeId=db229552665c, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Apr 08 18:25:35 CST 2021, time=2021-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-08 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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