他汀与降压药组合,竟然可以降低阿尔茨海默病和痴呆风险!

2022-08-26 MedSci原创 MedSci原创 发表于上海

目前还没有被证明可以治疗阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症的药物,但即使是延迟发病时间,也可以显着减轻患者、护理人员和整个卫生系统的负担。

高脂血症和高血压是阿尔茨海默病和痴呆症 (ADRD) 的可改变风险因素。大约 25% 65 岁以上的老年人同时使用他汀和降压药来治疗高脂血症和高血压。虽然,越来越多的证据发现他汀和降压药与较低的ADRD风险独立相关,但没有证据表明将他汀和降压药联用与ADRD之间的关联。

来自南加州大学的研究人员在PLOS ONE杂志上发表了一项研究,结果发现他汀和降压药的特定组合可能降低患ADRD的风险。

在这项研究中,研究人员进行了一项回顾性队列研究,分析了美国2007-2014  694,672 名同时使用他汀和降压药的医疗保险受益人。通过调整年龄、社会经济地位和合并症的逻辑回归,研究人员量化了同时使用不同他汀类药物(阿托伐他汀、普伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀和辛伐他汀)和降压药(血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)或血管紧张素 II 受体阻滞剂(ARB))与ADRD患病风险。

研究发现,与其他药物组合相比,使用降胆固醇药物普伐他汀和瑞舒伐他汀联合 ACEI/ARBADRD风险降低有关,尤其是与ARB药物联用。然而,阿托伐他汀或辛伐他汀与ACEI联用时,未显示出对ADRD 的保护性关联,但与ARB 联合使用时ADRD患病风险降低。这可能是由于与 ARB 对代谢和转运的相互作用影响。

使用他汀-降压药组合相关的ADRD发生率

ARB可以长效平稳降压,还具有降低尿蛋白、延缓肾脏损害,改善心肌功能等作用,在高血压治疗中有着重要地位。目前,常见的ARB有六种:厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦、缬沙坦、替米沙坦、坎地沙坦酯、奥美沙坦酯。

其中,厄贝沙坦降压幅度强,单药控制血压的达标率较高,吸收度高,约60-80%,药效持续时间长。我国食药监局批准厄贝沙坦为高血压伴2型糖尿病肾病的抗高血压药物,在国内的销量已经超过其他沙坦类,性价比最高。

研究者表示,针对血管健康的特定药物组合可能会降低ADRD的发病风险,这是第一项调查这些常用药物的不同组合与ADRD发病风险之间的关联研究,该研究是在一个具有广泛代表性的美国老年人样本中进行的。

2007-2014年,使用特定的他汀类和降压药处方药的医疗保险受益人的百分比

众所周知,管理高脂血症和高血压很重要,除了这些目标疾病的管理之外,一些药物组合可能降低ADRD发病风险。未来,需要更多的研究来证明他汀类和降压药特定联合,以降低阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症的风险。研究者紧接着表示。

综上,目前还没有被证明可以治疗阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症的药物,但即使是延迟发病时间,也可以显着减轻患者、护理人员和整个卫生系统的负担。随着时间的推移,普伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀和 ARB 的使用有所增加,这可能使人群受益于降低痴呆风险。

参考资料

Douglas Barthold et al. Association of combination statin and antihypertensive therapy with reduced Alzheimer's disease and related dementia risk, PLOS ONE (2020). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229541

 

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    2022-08-26 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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