非酒精性脂肪性肝病改名了!代谢相关脂肪性肝病国际专家共识发布

2020-05-18 中国循环杂志 中国循环杂志

近期,全球22个国家30位国际脂肪肝领域的临床专家联合在线发表了代谢相关脂肪性肝病的新定义。

近期,全球22个国家30位国际脂肪肝领域的临床专家联合在线发表了代谢相关脂肪性肝病的新定义。

代谢相关脂肪性肝病,曾被称为非酒精性脂肪性肝病。

共识提出了明确而简单实用的代谢相关脂肪性肝病的定义,而且让代谢相关脂肪性肝病有别于其他肝脏疾病。

1 诊断标准:基于病理学或影像学脂肪肝证据,同时有超重/肥胖、2 型糖尿病或代谢功能紊乱三项条件之一

该指南提出一套“更为积极”的诊断标准,无论患者是否饮酒或是否有其他肝脏疾病均可能诊断为代谢相关脂肪性肝病疾病。

诊断标准为肝活检组织学、或者影像学、或者血液生物标志物检查提示脂肪肝;同时合并超重/肥胖、或者2型糖尿病、或者存在代谢功能障碍。

规定满足7项代谢心血管危险因素中两项及以上者为代谢功能障碍。

推荐目前广泛使用的超声作为诊断肝脂肪变的首选方法,但需注意其诊断脂肪肝的敏感性有限。

CT/MRI可以用于诊断中度和重度肝脂肪变性。

如果不能获得上述影像学数据,亦可使用脂肪肝指数等血清生物学标志物或相关评分诊断脂肪肝,但仅用于某些特殊情况。

2严重程度:根据炎症活动度和肝纤维化程度描述

国际专家组建议以肝病活动度和纤维化程度分类替代既往的二分法分类(单纯性脂肪肝与脂肪性肝炎),从而更好地描述MAFLD的疾病过程。

从临床和病理学角度出来,新的建议更有助于发现代谢相关脂肪性肝病病例。

3 代谢相关脂肪性肝病肝硬化,不再是隐源性肝硬化

共识指出,无或<5%肝脂肪变性的肝硬化患者只要符合代谢相关肝硬化的诊断标准,就应归为代谢相关脂肪性肝病相关肝硬化,以避免使用“隐源性肝硬化”这一术语。

建议代谢相关脂肪性肝病相关肝硬化的诊断标准:缺乏典型的脂肪性肝炎组织学表现但至少满足以下条件之一的肝硬化患者:

1) 既往或现存符合代谢相关脂肪性肝病诊断标准的代谢危险因素;

2) 既往肝脏活检证实存在代谢相关脂肪性肝病;

3) 既往肝脏影像学提示存在脂肪肝。

4 双重病因:代谢相关脂肪性肝病合并其他肝病

符合代谢相关脂肪性肝病诊断标准,同时伴有酒精相关性脂肪性肝病(基于目前的酒精使用障碍标准)、病毒感染(人体免疫缺陷病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒)、药物性肝损伤、自身免疫性肝炎这些疾病之一的患者,应定义为具有双重(或更多)病因的脂肪性肝病。

5 建议避免使用“原发性”和“继发性”脂肪肝这一术语

共识指出,所有的肝脂肪变都是继发性,避免使用“原发性”和“继发性”脂肪肝进行描述。

建议使用诸如药物(糖皮质激素、丙戊酸、三苯氧胺、甲氨蝶呤和胺碘酮)、乳糜泻、饥饿、全胃肠外营养、严重手术减肥或脂质代谢紊乱(无β脂蛋白血症、低β脂蛋白血症、溶酶体酸性脂肪酶缺乏症、家族性混合型高脂血症、脂质营养不良、Weber-Christian综合症、糖原贮积病、肝豆状核变性)等其他病因对脂肪性肝病进行进一步描述。

这些可能与代谢功能障碍有关,也可能与其他脂肪肝的罕见病因相关。

来源:Eslam M, Newsome PN, Anstee QM, et al. A new definition for metabolic associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol, 2020 Apr 8, Online ahead of print.

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    2020-08-14 qjddjq
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