Nature:肠道微生物菌群不平衡增加糖尿病风险

2016-07-16 佚名 生物谷

目前,科学家们认为导致胰岛素耐受性(insulin resistance)的主要因子是体重超重和缺乏身体活动。一项新的由欧盟资助的一个欧洲-中国团队开展的被称作MetaHit的突破性研究发现特定的肠道细菌不平衡能够导致胰岛素耐受性,从而导致2型糖尿病等健康问题的风险增加。相关研究结果于2016年7月13日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Human gut microbes impact

目前,科学家们认为导致胰岛素耐受性(insulin resistance)的主要因子是体重超重和缺乏身体活动。一项新的由欧盟资助的一个欧洲-中国团队开展的被称作MetaHit的突破性研究发现特定的肠道细菌不平衡能够导致胰岛素耐受性,从而导致2型糖尿病等健康问题的风险增加。相关研究结果于2016年7月13日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity”。

 

论文共同通信作者、丹麦哥本哈根大学代谢中心教授Oluf Pedersen说,“我们证实特定的肠道菌群不平衡是胰岛素耐受性的重要促进因素。胰岛素耐受性是2型糖尿病、高血压和动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(不断增加的流行病)的先驱状态。”

在对277名非糖尿病丹麦人和75名2型糖尿病丹麦患者的研究中,这个团队分析了胰岛素的作用。他们监测了血液中1200多种代谢物的浓度,并且对人肠道中的上百种细菌进行先进的基于DNA的分析以便探究肠道菌群的某些不平衡是否与常见的代谢疾病和心血管疾病存在因果关系。

研究人员观察到,胰岛素作用能力下降因而具有胰岛素耐受性的人们拥有血液水平增加的支链氨基酸(branched-chain amino acid, BCAA)。重要的是,血液中BCAA水平上升与肠道菌群组成和功能发生的特定变化相关联。

经证实肠道细菌生物合成BCAA背后的主要驱动力是两种细菌:人体普氏菌(Prevotella copri)和普通拟杆菌(Bacteroides vulgatus)。为了在机制上测试肠道细菌是否真地导致胰岛素耐受性,研究人员在3周内给小鼠喂食人体普氏菌。相比于不喂食人体普氏菌的小鼠,喂食人体普氏菌的小鼠具有血液水平增加的BCAA,而且产生胰岛素耐受性和葡萄糖不耐受性。

论文共同作者、丹麦技术大学研究员Henrik Bjorn Nielsen说,“这项研究代表医疗和技术上极其重大的进步。它时首次研究在单个分析中将血液代谢组学、微生物组和临床数据整合在一起。重要的是,这项分析评估了不同细菌物种在疾病关联性上的重要性,因此当一种特定的细菌转移到小鼠体内时,它能够让我们鉴定出这种导致胰岛素耐受性的细菌。”

Pedersen补充道,“大多数具有胰岛素耐受性的人们并不知道他们自己具有这种耐受性。然而,已知大多数体重超重和肥胖的人是胰岛素耐受性的,而且众所周知切换到吃不那么富含热量的食物、增加每天摄入任何一种蔬菜和减少摄入富含动物脂肪食物的饮食变化易于让肠道菌群不平衡趋向正常化,同时改善宿主的胰岛素敏感性。”

原始出处

Helle Krogh Pedersen,Valborg Gudmundsdottir,Henrik Bjørn Nielsen.et.al.Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity.Nature.2016

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    2016-11-27 liye789132251
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    2016-09-21 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,非常有益

    0

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    2016-09-13 舒心和人

    肠道菌群对糖尿病的发生发展有很大作用,看来保持良好的饮食习惯对健康相当重要

    0

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