Nat Med:全球首例!脑电刺激成功拯救重度抑郁症患者,治愈抑郁症时代离我们不远了?

2021-10-15 生物探索 生物探索

最近,美国加州大学旧金山分校的研究团队在《Nature Medicine》上发表了一项研究,为治疗抑郁症提供了新的解决思路。

如今,抑郁症越来越受到人们的关注,国际期刊《柳叶刀》发表的一项最新研究显示, 2020 年全球每 10 万人中约有 3153 例重度抑郁症病例、4802 例焦虑症病例。与年龄较大的人群相比,年轻人群的抑郁和焦虑患病率增幅最大,尤其是 20 至 24 岁人群。因此,如何让抑郁症患者在最大程度上减轻病症甚至治愈亟待新的解决方案。

最近,美国加州大学旧金山分校的研究团队在《Nature Medicine》上发表了一项题为“Closed-loop neuromodulation in an individual with treatment-resistant depression”的研究,为治疗抑郁症提供了新的解决思路。

在这项研究中,研究人员总结了通过深部脑电刺激有效治疗一名重度抑郁症患者的方法,他们通过10天的神经电生理活动监测锁定了患者发病时特有的标志性电信号,随后将特制的微型感应电极植入此监测位置对患者进行闭环治疗,从而让患者的病症得到了很大程度的缓解。这是全球首例通过深部脑电刺激有效治疗重度抑郁症患者的案例, 让人们距离治愈抑郁症又近了一步。

(图注:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01480-w)

重度抑郁症(Major depressive disorder,MDD)是一种常见疾病,具有很高的治疗耐药率,而深部脑电刺激(deep brain stimulation,DBS)是目前治疗重度抑郁症等神经类精神疾病颇有前景的方法,它可以在症状严重程度升高时选择性触发治疗的神经生物标志物来进行优化从而达到预期疗效,但是在实际应用中却因为个体间反应异质性导致的最终临床试验结果不一致而受限。若能据此实现疗法的个性化定制,将会为提高抑郁症的疗效带来更多希望。

此次研究仅对一名患者进行了试验,这名患者为36岁女性,患有儿童期严重难治性MDD,对多种抗抑郁药物组合和电休克治疗均无反应,已产生严重耐药性。

在这项研究中,研究人员首先使用颅内电生理学和局灶性电刺激来识别患者的症状特异性生物标志物。他们在患者大脑的杏仁核、海马体、腹侧囊/腹侧纹状体(VC/VS)等区域植入了10个立体脑电图(SEEG)电极,对其情绪回路进行刺激-反应标测。

经过10天对神经活动的连续记录,研究人员在6个标准频带中识别了SEEG谱活动特征,这些特征能够区分15分钟的静息状态活动片段与轻、重症状状态的不同。同时,右侧杏仁核与VC/VS区域被最终确认为刺激部位,会导致抑郁症症状的长期持续和耐药性的提高。那么,若对该区域进行深部脑电刺激,是否能够改善患者的症状呢?

( 图注:SEEG电极在大脑中的分布位置以及对生物标志物的检测)

接下来,研究人员针对这一区域,将经FDA批准的神经空间RNS系统单侧植入到了患者大脑的右半球,在杏仁核和VC/VS中分别放置两个单独的传感/刺激接触深度引线。在患者进行日常活动时,使用这一装置对大脑神经活动进行试验监测,并将神经活动与抑郁症临床症状严重程度分级配对。

结果发现,症状特异性杏仁核与VC/VS区域能够复制颅内标测研究结果。这一现象表明,两个区域的神经活动与抑郁症视觉模拟量表(VAS-D)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS-A)以及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-6)显着相关,同时能显着区分症状的严重程度。

(图注:DBS装置安装图)

由此,研究人员针对这两个区域通过DBS疗法开始对患者进行闭环治疗,设定每天300次治疗的刺激上限,以避免夜间治疗干扰睡眠,总刺激时间为30分钟,而在治疗期间,患者每天会使用HAMD-6/VAS量表对自己的状态进行评估。

结果显示,闭环治疗的实施迅速改善了患者抑郁症的严重程度,刺激开始后的第二天早上,她的HAMD-6和VAS-D得分急剧下降(HAMD-6=12.0-1.0;VAS-D=77-23),而在刺激12天后进行的治疗评估中,患者的抑郁周期性评分从开始治疗前的33分降至14分,几个月后降至10分以下,且这一有效治疗结果已经持续了15个月。

总而言之,相比标准治疗模式4-8周才能逐渐见效,这一试验研究成果能够做到让患者的抑郁症症状立马得到缓解,并且对于已经产生耐药性的抑郁症患者更是一丝曙光。目前该治疗方法的安全性与有效性还需进一步进行试验验证,但此次成功治疗重度抑郁症的方法,将为试验治愈抑郁症的目标提供一条新途径。

原始出处:

Scangos, K.W., Khambhati, A.N., Daly, P.M. et al. Closed-loop neuromodulation in an individual with treatment-resistant depression. Nat Med 27, 1696–1700 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01480-w.

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