Science:影响数百万人的神经性疼痛潜在机制被发现:核运输蛋白起关键作用

2020-08-15 椰子 iNature

神经性疼痛是指因伤害或疾病影响躯体感觉神经系统而引起的疼痛,它使数以百万计的人受到影响,对他们的健康造成毁灭性的后果。可用的治疗方法疗效有限,控制这种疾病持续存在的潜在机制尚不清楚。

神经性疼痛是指因伤害或疾病影响躯体感觉神经系统而引起的疼痛,它使数以百万计的人受到影响,对他们的健康造成毁灭性的后果。可用的治疗方法疗效有限,控制这种疾病持续存在的潜在机制尚不清楚。

2020年8月14日,Letizia Marvaldi等人在Science 在线发表题为“Importin α3 regulates chronic pain pathways in peripheral sensory neurons”的研究论文,该研究发现importinα3(也称为karyopherin亚基α4)可以控制小鼠周围感觉神经元的疼痛反应。Importinα3基因敲除或小鼠感觉神经元特异性敲低会降低对各种有害刺激的反应,并增加对神经性疼痛的耐受性。降低感觉神经元中c-Fos或c-Jun的抑制可减轻神经性疼痛。 通过药物筛选发现了模仿importinα3缺乏症的药物。这些药物减轻了神经性疼痛并降低了c-Fos核定位。因此,在周围神经元中通过importinα3干扰c-Fos核输入可以促进镇痛作用。

除外,阿片类药物是最常用的止痛药,具有多种耐受性和依赖性风险,可能导致相当程度的滥用。当前在疼痛领域中药物开发的绝大多数靶标是位于质膜和突触的离子通道和神经递质受体。Importinα3在分子身份和亚细胞定位方面均提供了另一种靶标,为未来镇痛的发展提供了机会。

最后,Muhammad Saad Yousuf等人在Science 发表题为“The importins of pain”的点评文章,系统盘点了该研究成果。

神经性疼痛是指因伤害或疾病影响躯体感觉神经系统而引起的疼痛,它使数以百万计的人受到影响,对他们的健康造成毁灭性的后果。可用的治疗方法疗效有限,控制这种疾病持续存在的潜在机制尚不清楚。

Importin α亚家族对于真核细胞的核输入至关重要,并参与如神经元的细胞质转运。尽管Importin的特异性重叠,但差异表达谱和不同的货物亲和力仍可通过单个Importin调节特定功能。

在这项研究中,发现importinα3(也称为karyopherin亚基α4)可以控制小鼠周围感觉神经元的疼痛反应。Importinα3基因敲除或小鼠感觉神经元特异性敲低会降低对各种有害刺激的反应,并增加对神经性疼痛的耐受性。降低感觉神经元中c-Fos或c-Jun的抑制可减轻神经性疼痛。 通过药物筛选发现了模仿importinα3缺乏症的药物。这些药物减轻了神经性疼痛并降低了c-Fos核定位。因此,在周围神经元中通过importinα3干扰c-Fos核输入可以促进镇痛作用。

总之。该研究表明在感觉神经元中通过importinα3干扰c-Fos核输入会降低对有害刺激的敏感性,并在神经性疼痛的维持阶段特别提供镇痛作用。直接的c-Fos抑制在神经性疼痛的早期和维持阶段均有效,表明c-Fos核输入的其他方式或其他转录因子可能控制早期的疼痛反应,而importinα3对后来的慢性疼痛起关键作用。该研究发现表明,周围感觉神经元是importinα3对持续性神经病理性疼痛影响的源头。在小鼠和人的DRG之间,importinα3和c-Fos的表达谱和水平是保守的,

最近的一项研究报道了神经性疼痛患者的DRG中AP1家族基因明显上调,突出了Importinα3作为止痛药的潜力。由于现有药物的止痛效果有限,加上不良的副作用,慢性疼痛目前是最常见的未满足的医疗需求之一。此外,阿片类药物是最常用的止痛药,具有多种耐受性和依赖性风险,可能导致相当程度的滥用。当前在疼痛领域中药物开发的绝大多数靶标是位于质膜和突触的离子通道和神经递质受体。Importinα3在分子身份和亚细胞定位方面均提供了另一种靶标,为未来镇痛的发展提供了机会。

原始出处:

Letizia Marvaldi, Nicolas Panayotis, Stefanie Alber,et al.Importin α3 regulates chronic pain pathways in peripheral sensory neurons.Science. 2020 Aug 14;369(6505):842-846. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz5875.

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    2020-08-20 296902044

    影响数百万人啊

    0

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    2020-08-17 jichang
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    2020-08-15 小五要加油啊

    学习了

    0

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    2020-08-15 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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