LEUKEMIA:去泛素化酶 USP15 调节细胞氧化还原是急性髓系白血病的治疗靶点

2021-12-27 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

急性髓系白血病 (AML) 是一种造血系统恶性肿瘤,其定义为造血功能低下、髓系分化缺陷以及骨髓 (BM) 和外周血 (PB) 中髓系原始细胞的积累。AML 的唯一治愈性疗法是同种异体干细胞移植,许多患

急性髓系白血病 (AML) 是一种造血系统恶性肿瘤,其定义为造血功能低下、髓系分化缺陷以及骨髓 (BM) 和外周血 (PB) 中髓系原始细胞的积累。AML 的唯一治愈性疗法是同种异体干细胞移植,许多患者不适合接受该疗法,尽管进行了这种治疗,许多患者仍会复发。泛素特异性肽酶 15 (USP15) 是一种去泛素化酶,与关键的细胞和致癌过程有关。据报道,USP15 还抑制 p53 并介导造血细胞中的 DNA 损伤反应 ,这可能与白血病中的氧化应激反应有关。然而,目前尚不完全了解 USP15 在 AML 中的细胞和功能要求。

图 1:与其他肿瘤类型和正常造血细胞相比,AML 表现出高 USP15 表达。

A 在TCGA PanCancer研究USP15 mRNA的表达RSEM值。红色的 LAML = 急性髓系白血病。B 来自 BEAT-AML 数据集的健康对照 CD34+ 样本和 AML 患者样本中 USP15 RNA 表达的标准化 RPKM 值。* P  < 0.05。C 对健康 CD34+ 对照细胞和指定人 AML 细胞系产生的裂解物进行 USP15 和长春花蛋白(上样对照)的免疫印迹。纽蛋白表达在不同细胞类型中是可变的。显示的是来自 2 个重复实验的代表性数据。D 通过在 ImageJ 软件中进行的光密度测定法确定 USP15 蛋白表达(归一化为 VINCULIN)的相对表达。显示的是面板(C)

图 2:敲除 USP15 在体外和体内损害人类白血病细胞功能。

A :与转导的shRNA所指示的AML细胞系靶向USP15(shUSP15)或乱序对照shRNA的相对比例(shSCR)共表达mCherry的。mCherry+ 细胞的百分比最初是在转导后 48 小时(第 0 天)通过流式细胞术确定的。将 mCherry+ 细胞的比例标准化为每组第 0 天的 mCherry+ 百分比。数据反映了两个独立的测定( 每组n = 3)。B :用靶向 USP15 (shUSP15) 或杂乱对照 shRNA (shSCR) 的 shRNA 转导的 OCI-AML3 细胞的总细胞数。* P  < 0.05。数据反映了两个独立的测定( 每组n = 3)。C 用靶向 USP15 (shUSP15) 的 shRNA 或共表达 mCherry 的杂乱对照 shRNA (shSCR) 转导的指定 AML 细胞在甲基纤维素中形成的菌落的相对数量。在铺板前对细胞进行 mCherry 表达分选。* P  < 0.05;** P  < 0.005;ns,意义不大。( n  = 3) 数据反映了两个独立的测定。D: 用靶向 USP15 (shUSP15) 的 shRNA 或共表达 mCherry 的混杂对照 shRNA (shSCR) 转导的健康 CD34+ 细胞在甲基纤维素中形成的集落总数(每组n  = 3)。* P  < 0.05。E :示意图描绘了用靶向 USP15 (shUSP15) 的 shRNA 或异种移植到 NSGS 小鼠中的杂乱对照 shRNA (shSCR) 转导的未分类 OCI-AML3 细胞。F :在死亡时在骨髓、外周血和脾脏中评估表达 shSCR(每组n  = 7 只小鼠)或 shUSP15(每组n = 8 只小鼠)(mCherry+)的人类 CD45+ 种群的百分比。* P  < 0.05。

图 3:USP15 的缺失会在体内损害小鼠 AML,但在正常造血过程中是可以耐受的。

 

此处一项研究报告提示,与正常造血祖细胞相比,USP15 mRNA 和蛋白质在人类急性髓性白血病 (AML) 中过度表达。USP15 在 AML 中的这种高表达与 KEAP1 蛋白和 NRF2 的抑制相关。在人类和小鼠 AML 模型中敲除或删除 USP15 会显着损害白血病祖细胞的功能和活力,并通过 KEAP1-NRF2 轴去抑制抗氧化反应。USP15 的抑制和 NRF2 随后的激活导致 AML 细胞中的氧化还原扰动,与白血病细胞功能受损同时发生。

图 4:USP15 表达与 AML 中破坏的氧化还原信号相关。

图 5:USP15 的抑制激活 NRF2 并影响细胞 ROS。

图 6:用小分子抑制 USP15 会在体外诱导 NRF2 介导的氧化还原应激并损害白血病祖细胞

相比之下,USP15 在体外和体内对于人和小鼠的正常造血细胞来说是可有可无的。USP15 的临床前小分子抑制剂诱导 KEAP1-NRF2 轴并损害 AML 细胞功能,表明靶向 USP15 催化功能可以抑制 AML。基于这些发现,研究团队报告说 USP15 部分地通过抑制关键的氧化应激传感器机制并允许异常氧化还原状态来驱动 AML 细胞功能。此外,他们假设用小分子抑制剂抑制 USP15 活性将通过重新参与稳态氧化还原反应同时保留正常造血功能来选择性地损害白血病祖细胞。通过抑制关键的氧化应激传感器机制并允许异常氧化还原状态。

总的来说,他们的研究结果描述了 USP15 在白血病细胞氧化还原生物学中的作用,并确定了在 AML 模型中靶向 USP15 的可行治疗窗口。

 

原始出处:

Niederkorn, M., Ishikawa, C., M. Hueneman, K. et al. The deubiquitinase USP15 modulates cellular redox and is a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-021-01394-z

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    2021-12-28 查查佳佳

    生殖器传统上被认为是心理上高影响但难以治疗的银屑病领

    0

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    2021-12-28 ms2000000203435669

    学习了

    0

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