BMJ:Veritor和Biosensor快速抗原检测可用于检测密接者暴露5天后的传染性

2021-07-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

从感染后的第五天起,即使密切接触者尚未出现症状,也可以可靠地使用Veritor和Biosensor快速抗原检测来测试他们的传染性

新冠肺炎疫情期间控制的基础是实施一般性感染控制措施(手部卫生、身体距离和症状出现时呆在家里),并结合检测和追踪计划。数学建模研究表明,即使假设至少40%的传播可能来自无症状者或症状尚未出现者,检测和追踪方案结合一般感染控制措施,也能成功控制新型冠状病毒流行病。在检测和追踪方案中,主动追踪感染者的接触者并进行过检测,最初只是在出现症状时,但在无症状或症状出现前,也越来越多地进行检测。

多项研究现已将快速抗原检测与RT-PCR检测进行了比较。基于这些研究,荷兰卫生部在2020年底得出结论,快速抗原测试的性能足以在荷兰公共卫生服务检测点用于轻度至中度症状的人,而无需重新进行RT-PCR测试。该部建议继续对症状严重的人,处于风险中的医疗群体,在医院等高风险环境中工作的人,和无症状或无症状前密切接触者进行RT-PCR检测。原因是,在无症状人群和含有较低新型冠状病毒病毒载量的样本中,快速抗原测试的诊断准确性预计较低。如果较低的病毒载量转化为较低的后续预期感染率,这不一定有问题。

Ewoud Schuit等以RT-PCR检测为参考标准,量化了确诊病例的无症状和症状前密切接触者中检测新型冠状病毒感染的两种快速抗原检测的准确性。评价两种快速抗原检测方法对暴露后第5天新型冠状病毒感染者的无症状和症状前密切接触者的诊断准确性。

在荷兰设置四个公共卫生服务新冠肺炎检测点。共收集16岁或以上的密切接触者4274名(通过检测和追踪计划或接触者追踪应用程序识别),在要求检测时没有新冠肺炎症状。主要观察指标Veritor系统(Beckton Dickinson)和Biosensor(Roche Diagnostics)快速抗原试验的敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值,并以逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)为参考标准。RT-PCR检测结果阳性者中95%为病毒培养阳性者的病毒载量截断值作为传染性的替代指标。

在Veritor检测的2678名参与者中,233人(8.7%)有RT-PCR确认的新型冠状病毒感染,其中149人也被快速抗原测试检测到(敏感性63.9%,95%可信区间57.4%-70.1%)。用生物传感器检测的1596名受试者中,132人(8.3%)有RT-PCR确诊的新型冠状病毒感染,其中83人用快速抗原检测(敏感性62.9%,54.0%~71.1%)。在采样时仍无症状者,对检出者(n=2317)和生物传感器(n=1414)的敏感度分别为58.7%(51.1%~66.0%)和59.4%(49.2%~69.1%);在有症状者中,检出者和生物传感器的敏感度分别为84.2%(68.7%~94.0%;n=219)和73.3%(54.1%~87.7%;n=158)。

两种快速抗原试验对基于病毒载量截断的逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)试验阳性的不同定义的诊断准确性变量,其中病毒载量低于病毒载量截断阈值的阳性RT-PCR试验结果被视为阴性结果。

当采用病毒载量截断(≥5.2 log10新型冠状病毒E基因拷贝数/ml)时,在始终无症状者中,Veritor和生物传感器的总灵敏度分别为90.1%(84.2%~94.4%)和86.8%(78.1%~93.0%);Veritor和生物传感器的总灵敏度分别为88.1%(80.5%~93.5%)和85.1%(74.3%~92.6%)。在所有分析中,两种快速抗原试验的特异性>99%,阳性和阴性预测值>90%和>95%。

与确诊病例密切接触后第5天检测的无症状和症状前密切接触者快速抗原检测的敏感性均大于60%,应用病毒载量截断值作为传染性的替代指标后,敏感性提高到85%以上。因此,从感染后的第五天起,即使密切接触者尚未出现症状,也可以可靠地使用Veritor和Biosensor快速抗原检测来测试他们的传染性,但当遗漏感染的后果将是严重的时,不应使用这些测试。

原文出处

Schuit EVeldhuijzen I KVenekamp R Pvan den Bijllaardt WPas S DLodder E B et al. Diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen tests in asymptomatic and presymptomatic close contacts of individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: cross sectional study BMJ 2021; 374 :n1676 doi:10.1136/bmj.n1676

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    2022-04-09 hxj0117
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    2022-07-11 xzw113
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    2021-12-07 gaoxiaoe
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香港卫生署卫生防护中心5日表示,香港日前确诊第6例人类感染H7N9禽流感患者为一名18个月大的女童。13人与女童有密切接触,其中2人出现病征,化验后证实1人呈阳性反应。另有5人正等待化验结果,其余6人则呈阴性反应。 据悉,另外120名其他接触者中,2人出现病征,其中1人对甲型流感病毒呈阴性反应,另1人有待化验结果,接触者全部接受医学观察。 女童过往健康良好,3月1日,她因发烧抽筋到伊利沙伯医院