BMJ:四价HPV疫苗可有效预防宫颈病变

2014-03-10 daerwen2008 丁香园

目前,全球应用的人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗有两种,主要用于预防各型HPV相关的宫颈病变。III期临床研究显示:四价HPV疫苗主要针对的是HPV6、11、16和18型,而二价HPV疫苗靶向则为HPV16和18型。40多个国家实施了预防性HPV疫苗接种计划,而自2007年4月起,澳大利亚已成为全球第一个有公共财政支持的全国性程序性四价HPV疫苗接种的国家。 虽然小样本临床试验显示四价HPV疫苗有效

目前,全球应用的人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗有两种,主要用于预防各型HPV相关的宫颈病变。III期临床研究显示:四价HPV疫苗主要针对的是HPV6、11、16和18型,而二价HPV疫苗靶向则为HPV16和18型。40多个国家实施了预防性HPV疫苗接种计划,而自2007年4月起,澳大利亚已成为全球第一个有公共财政支持的全国性程序性四价HPV疫苗接种的国家。【原文下载

虽然小样本临床试验显示四价HPV疫苗有效,但对于大样本人群,该疫苗的有效性却知之甚少。澳大利亚昆士兰大学公共卫生学院 Crowe等对此进行了研究,结果发表在2014年3月的BMJ杂志上研究认为,四价HPV疫苗可有效预防程序性接种之前未经筛查的年轻女性发生宫颈病变。

该病例对照研究数据来自健康管理数据库, 研究对象为免费接种HPV疫苗的年轻女性(2007年时12-26岁),且受试者在2007年4月-2011年3月间首次进行了宫颈抹片检查。高级组为组织学确诊为宫颈高级别病变的女性(N=1062),其他组为任何其他细胞学或组织学异常的女性(N =10887),对照组为细胞学正常的女性(N=96404)。

研究指标为病例组与对照组的暴露比值比、疫苗的有效性、第一次筛查时预防宫颈病变需要接种疫苗的数量。按调整后的随访时间、出生年份、社会经济地位和位置对四个年龄组进行分层。

结果显示,调整后接种3剂HPV疫苗与未接种疫苗的暴露比值比为高级别组0.54,其他组0.66,疫苗有效性分别为46%和34%。需要接种疫苗的数量分别是125和22。调整后接种2剂量HPV疫苗与未接种的暴露比值比为高级别组0.79,其他组0.79,疫苗有效性为21%。

研究数据表明,年轻女性在进行宫颈病变筛查前程序接种四价HPV疫苗,可使组织学确诊的高级别宫颈病变风险减少46%,其他宫颈病变风险减少34%。调整后预防宫颈病变所需接种的疫苗(3剂)数量分别为125和22。因此四价HPV疫苗可有效预防实施疫苗接种计划之前没有进行筛查的年轻女性发生宫颈病变。

人群宫颈病变患病率的下降,将会降低细胞学检测的敏感度和阳性预测值,并且接种的疫苗也具有特异性。因此对疫苗接种人群仍需进行宫颈癌筛查,并进一步评估大规模疫苗接种对宫颈病变筛查的影响。

原始出处

Crowe E1, Pandeya N, Brotherton JM, Dobson AJ, Kisely S, Lambert SB, Whiteman DC.Effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine for the prevention of cervical abnormalities: case-control study nested within a population based screening programme in Australia.BMJ. 2014 Mar 4;【原文下载

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    2014-11-25 gaoxiaoe
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    2014-03-14 luananhui

    国内有此疫苗吗?

    0

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    2014-03-12 一闲