JGH:硫唑嘌呤治疗不会导致炎症性肠病患者淋巴瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的风险增加

2022-08-12 xuyihan MedSci原创

硫唑嘌呤是巯嘌呤的咪唑衍生物,在体内分解为巯嘌呤而起作用。它的免疫作用机制与巯嘌呤相同,也就是具有嘌呤拮抗作用。

炎症性肠病 (IBD) 是一种慢性炎症性肠道疾病,主要包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)。IBD最初被认为是一种西方疾病,现在越来越多地在亚洲国家中出现。在亚洲国家中,硫唑嘌呤经常被推荐用于维持 IBD 患者的缓解,但是其耐受性和毒性仍然是硫唑嘌呤的主要担忧的点,在一项研究中,硫唑嘌呤的不良事件的累积发生率为 26%。

一般来说,发生的不良事件硫嘌呤治疗期间可分为两类:一种是剂量依赖性不良事件,这是由于过量的代谢物形成并且是可预测的(骨髓抑制,肝毒性)和不可预测且与剂量无关的特异质反应。本项研究旨在探究亚洲人群中关于硫嘌呤类药物的长期疗效和安全性。

为此,研究人员回顾性评估了2004年至2020年在印度新德里医学科学研究所患有的炎症性肠病 (IBD) 的患者,总共随访了5351名患者的记录。然后根据长期不良事件和恶性肿瘤的发展评估硫唑嘌呤的安全性。

在5351名IBD患者中,1093名接受硫嘌呤治疗>3个月(UC = 788 [直肠炎占1.9%,左侧结肠炎占44.9%和全结肠炎占53.1%], CD = 305 [炎症表型占42.6%,狭窄表型占46.9%和瘘管型占10.5%])。硫嘌呤的随访和治疗时间分别为 7年和 39.4个月,其中 254 名(23.2%)患者接受硫嘌呤治疗超过5年,68名(6.2%)患者接受超过10年。359名患者(UC:249 [31.6%];CD:110 [36.1%];P = 0.1) 出现不良事件;最常见的是骨髓抑制(23.4%),其次是胃肠道不耐受(3%)、流感样疾病(1.7%)和关节痛/肌痛(1.4%)。骨髓抑制是硫嘌呤戒断的最常见原因。没有患者(包括 254 名服用硫嘌呤≥5年的患者)发展为淋巴瘤或非黑色素瘤皮肤癌。总体 IBD 队列在 1、2 和 5 年保持无不良事件的累积概率分别为 78.6%、71.9% 和 68.4%。

这项来自印度北部的IBD患者接受硫嘌呤单药治疗的长期随访研究表明,硫唑嘌呤治疗炎症性肠病患者对于患淋巴瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的风险极小。

原始出处:

Mukesh Kumar Ranjan. et al. Minimal risk of lymphoma and non-melanoma skin cancer despite long-term use of thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A longitudinal cohort analysis from northern India. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022.

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    2023-04-04 sunylz
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