中国疾控中心研究:国人口味仍较重,中年人是重灾区

2019-12-07 卢芳 中国循环杂志

近期中国疾控中心营养与健康所王惠军等研究显示,2015年国人口味虽较之前有所变清淡,但仍然较“重”,而且男性吃的盐高于女性,农村高于城市,北方高于南方。

近期中国疾控中心营养与健康所王惠军等研究显示,2015年国人口味虽较之前有所变清淡,但仍然较“重”,而且男性吃的盐高于女性,农村高于城市,北方高于南方。

研究显示,2015年国人平均膳食钠摄入量为3960.0 mg/d,男性为4272.1 mg/d,比女性高555.5 mg/d。

不过这也算有所进步了,在2010~2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测结果显示,平均钠摄入量为5335.7 mg/d。

此外研究还发现,45~59岁口味最重,膳食钠摄入达4257.0 mg/d,其次是18~44岁人群(3 867.1 mg/d),反而口味最轻的是60岁及以上人群为3799.0 mg/d。

就不同区域而言,乡村居民要比城里人吃得咸(4042.9 mg/d vs 3866.8 mg/d);北方人群高于南方(4229.2 mg/d vs 3806.8 mg/d)。

膳食钠主要从哪里来?

研究者发现,八成源于调味品,其次是烹调食物(11.9%)和加工食品(8.7%)。调味品中盐是主力,占63.6%,其次是酱油占10.4%。

研究者指出,2012年,WHO发布的《成人和儿童钠摄入量指南》,提出成年人钠摄入量不超2000 mg/d;中国营养学会对14~49岁人群建议是为1500 mg/d,预防高血压的建议摄入量为2000 mg/d。

而这项研究中膳食钠摄入量低于2000 mg/d 者占11.8%,要知道我国有2.45 亿高血压患者。

此外,值得警惕的是,加工食品提供的钠开始“抬头”,从1991年到2015年,占比从1.8%上升到 8.7%。

研究者强调,盐是居民膳食钠的主要来源,盐摄入的下降将直接引起膳食钠摄入总量的下降,这对预防高血压的发生,减少脑卒中和心脏病极其重要。

我国政府也非常重视钠盐的控制,在《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》、《中国防治慢性病中长期规划(2017-2025 年)》和《国民营养计划(2017-2030年)》中都提出了减盐目标。

该研究数据源于中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究,共选取了15个省级行政区14 847位18岁及以上居民。其中,男性占47.1%,农村及北方居民分别占60.1%和37.7%。研究者采用连续3天24 h回顾法记录食物摄入量及称重法记录的家庭调味品消费量。

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    2019-12-09 zutt
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中国每年平均有近9万例与流感相关额外的呼吸系统疾病死亡,相当于所有呼吸系统疾病死亡的8.2%。 全球范围内,流感病毒感染每年都会导致大量发病和死亡。相关的死亡负担在各地有所差异,但现有数据大多来自高收入国家。近期,由中国疾病预防控制中心冯录召教授和余宏杰教授领导的研究团队,初步统计了中国省级和全国层面流感相关死亡率,并发表在《柳叶刀》子刊The Lancet Public Health。