GEMSTONE-301,舒格利单抗能否再次撼动不可切除III期肺癌治疗格局?

2022-05-19 e药安全 网络

对于在序贯或同步放化疗后未出现疾病进展的局部晚期、不可切除、III 期NSCLC患者,使用舒格利单抗巩固治疗可以显著延长PFS,有望给这类患者带来更多治疗选择。

大约30%非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 的患者初诊时分期为IIIA-IIIC期,其中大多数无法切除。近10多年以来,含铂方案的同步放化疗是III期NSCLC患者的治疗标准。随着PACIFIC研究的公布(5年OS率分别为43% vs 33%),度伐利尤单抗被批准用于同步放化疗后疾病未进展的不可切除的III期NSCLC患者,并成为标准方案。
不过,PACIFIC 试验仅评估了接受同步放化疗的患者,该方案有较高的治疗相关毒性和死亡率,许多患者无法耐受同步放化疗。一方面,并发症会限制同步放化疗的使用另一方面,在多学科团队和医疗资源欠缺的地区,同步放化疗的使用率也很低因此,对于能耐受或无法接受同步放化疗的患者序贯放化应用广泛,也被NCCN、ESMO等多个国际协会推荐。然而,尚不清楚抗PD-1或PD-L1药物能否延长序贯放化疗后未进展的不可切除III 期NSCLC 患者的生存期。

舒格利单抗是一种靶向PD-L1的全长、全人免疫球蛋白G4(IgG4、s228p)单克隆抗体。GEMSTONE-302是全球首个抗PD-L1单抗联合化疗作为一线治疗在IV期鳞状和非鳞状非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者中的随机双盲III期临床试验,结果显示显著延长了PFS。2022年1月14日,Lancet Oncol杂志上公布了GEMSTONE-301研究结果。

研究方法

GEMSTONE-301研究:这是一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、III期临床试验,评估了舒格利单抗或安慰剂作为巩固治疗在含铂方案同步或序贯放化疗后未出现疾病进展的局部晚期、不可切除、III 期 NSCLC 患者中的疗效。在中国50家医院或学术研究中心进行。符合条件的患者被随机分配(2:1)至舒格利单抗组或安慰剂组。患者每3周接受一次舒格利单抗1200 mg 或匹配的安慰剂作为巩固治疗,持续时间长达 24 个月。分层因素为ECOG PS评分、既往放化疗史和总放疗剂量。

入组标准:1. 年龄≥18岁;2. 经组织学或细胞学证实为局部晚期、不可切除的 III 期非小细胞肺癌;3. 患者必须接受至少两个周期的含铂化疗,同步或序贯接受根治性放疗,剂量54-66Gy,平均肺剂量(MLD)≤20Gy或V20≤35%;对于序贯放化疗方案,化疗周期结束与放疗开始之间的间隔不得超过 35 天。4. 同步或序贯放化疗后没有疾病进展;5. PS评分0-1分;6. 足够的器官功能;7. PDL1表达的检测非必需。

排除标准:1. 曾接受过抗PD-1/PD-L1单抗或其他药物;2. EGFR、ALK 或 ROS1基因改变;3. 在第一次给药前 28 天内接受了另一种研究药物;4. 活动性或先前的自身免疫性疾病;5. 未控制的合并症或活动性感染;6. 既往放化疗引起的未控制的≥2级肺炎;或有症状的间质性肺病。

研究终点:主要终点有盲态独立的评估委员会(BICR) 评估无进展生存期(PFS);次要终点是:研究人员评估的无进展生存期;总体生存率、客观缓解率、缓解持续时间等。

研究结果
试验人群

2018年8月30日至2020年12月30日期间,对564例患者进行了资格筛查,其中183例被排除在外(图1)。在2018年10月26日至2020年12月30日期间,381例患者(意向治疗人群)随机分配到舒格利单抗(n=255)或安慰剂(n=126)组;100%的患者接受治疗并被纳入在意向治疗和安全性分析人群。舒格利单抗组和安慰剂组分别有145例(57%)和82例(65%)停止了研究治疗。本研究中,没有患者因依从性问题而停止治疗。两组间患者基线特征平衡(表1)。所有患者的中位年龄为61岁(56-65),大多数为男性(351 [92%])且有吸烟者(323 [85%])。大多数患者PS 1分(265 [70%] ),三分之一接受过序贯放化疗(127 [33%]),大多数患有鳞状细胞癌(263 [69%])。过一半的患者211 [55%])分期为IIIB期,61例(16%)为 IIIC期

研究设计↑

基线特征→

在中期分析的数据截止(2021 年 3 月 8 日)时,舒格利单抗和安慰剂的中位随访时间(即从随机化到最后一次随访的时间)分别为14.3个月和13.7个月。由于较慢接受同步放化疗的患者中位随访时间短于接受序贯放化疗的患者(9.4 vs 17.9个月)。舒格利单抗和安慰剂的中位治疗周期数分别为9.0和8.0。舒格利单抗组和安慰剂组分别有110 例(43%)和44例(35%)仍在接受研究治疗;舒格利单抗组和安慰剂组分别有 11例(4% )和30例(24%)接受了PD-1/或 PD-L1抑制剂作为后线治疗

临床疗效

在中期分析的数据截止时,舒格利单抗组和安慰剂组分别有123例(48%)和74例(59%)出现疾病进展或死亡。舒格利单抗组和安慰剂组的PFS分别为9.0个月 vs 5.8个月(分层风险比 [HR] 0.64, 95%CI 0.48 –0.85;p=0·0026 图2)。两组的12个月无进展生存率为 45·4%和25·6%。在大多数亚组中舒格利单抗相比于安慰剂相比均可见PFS获益。

PFS

OS(尚不成熟)

PFS亚组分析

BICR 评估的客观反应率在两组之间相似,研究者评估的客观缓解率和缓解持续时间与 BICR评估的一致。舒格利单抗组患者的中位缓解持续时间尚未达到(未达到 [NR];95% CI 8·5–NR),安慰剂组为 6.0个月(2.2–NR)。在数据截止时,OS数据仍不成熟。舒格利单抗组和安慰剂组分别有32例(13%)和32例(25%)患者死亡。总体生存率的初步分析结果如图4所示。

安全性

舒格利单抗组和安慰剂组分别有193例(76%)和73例(58%)患者出现任意级别的治疗相关不良事件(表 2);3级或4级两组分别有22 例(9%)和7 例(6%),最常见的是肺炎或免疫相关肺炎(两组分别为7 [3% ] 、1 [1%] )。

舒格利单抗组和安慰剂组分别有38例(15%)和12例(10%)患者报告了与治疗相关的严重不良事件,最常见的严重治疗相关不良事件为肺炎或免疫相关肺炎(23[9%] vs 9 [7%])、肺炎(6[2%] vs 1[<1%])和间质性肺病(4[2%] vs 2[2%])。

舒格利单抗组和安慰剂组分别29例 (11%) 和 6例 (5%)患者因治疗相关不良事件而停用研究药物;另外,分别有24例(9%) 和6例 (5%) 患者因不良事件而停用研究药物。两组中断治疗最常见不良事件为肺炎或免疫相关肺炎(16[2%] vs 2[2%])、肺炎(3 [1%] vs 1 [<1%])和间质性肺病(2[<1%] vs 0)。共有12 例患者死亡,舒格利单抗组发生 4 例 (2%) 治疗相关死亡(肺炎 2 例 [1%],肺炎合并免疫相关肺炎 1 例 [<1%],急性肝功能衰竭 1 例 [<1%])

安全性

小  结

对于在序贯或同步放化疗后未出现疾病进展的局部晚期、不可切除、III 期NSCLC患者,使用舒格利单抗巩固治疗可以显著延长PFS,有望给这类患者带来更多治疗选择;另外,目前OS数据尚不成熟,需要更长时间的随访来进一步证实该方案的有效性。

参考文献

Zhou Q, Chen M, Jiang O, et al. Sugemalimab versus placebo after concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced, unresectable, stage III non-small-cell lung cancer in China (GEMSTONE-301): interim results of a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Feb;23(2):209-219. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00630-6.

 

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    2023-01-28 juliusluan78
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    2023-03-14 JR19860219
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