JNNP:心房颤动患者急性缺血性卒中后早期与晚期直接口服抗凝剂关系

2021-10-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在心房颤动(AF)患者中,直接口服抗凝剂(DOAC)在预防急性缺血性中风(AIS)方面至少与维生素K拮抗剂(VKAs)一样有效。在四项关键的随机对照临床试验所示,DOAC比VKA的主要优势是颅内出血(

在心房颤动(AF)患者中,直接口服抗凝剂(DOAC)在预防急性缺血性中风(AIS)方面至少与维生素K拮抗剂(VKAs)一样有效。在四项关键的随机对照临床试验所示,DOAC比VKA的主要优势是颅内出血(ICH)发生率较低。 然而,在这些试验中,AIS患者被排除在外至少7天 AIS后6个月内,由于担心出血进入急性脑缺血区域。最近对七项前瞻性观察性研究的个体患者数据分析发现,在AIS后的早期阶段,DOAC优于VKA。

目前尚不清楚AIS后如何安全地开始早期DOAC。在本项前瞻性观察研究的个体患者数据汇总分析中,本文比较了房颤相关的AIS或短暂性缺血发作(TIA)后早期接受DOAC治疗的患者30天复发AIS、ICH和死亡率(≤5. 天数)的数据。本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上()。

排除了以下患者:(1)植入机械性心脏瓣膜,(2)风湿性或严重二尖瓣狭窄,(3)口服VKA抗凝,(4)中风后30天后开始口服抗凝或口服抗凝剂开始日期信息缺失的患者。早期DOAC定义为中风≤5天,延迟DOAC开始时间定义为>5天 。这是在最近一次AIS后公布的比较DOAC和VKA的个体患者数据研究。随访内容包括复发AIS;ICH定义为与国际血栓学会标准中定义的CT或MRI检测ICH相关的新神经症状和全因死亡率(包括致命性AIS或ICH)。比较了早期和晚期接受DOAC中风患者的人口统计学和临床基线特征。

患者研究情况

研究共包括2550名患者。1362例(53%)患者早期接受DOAC治疗,1188例(47%)晚期接受DOAC。37名患者在接受DOAC治疗前出现复发AIS(1.5%),16名患者(43%);6名患者(0.2%)在DOAC开始后出现ICH。在早期接受DOAC治疗组中,23名患者(1.7%)患有复发AIS,而2名患者(0.1%)患有ICH。在DOAC晚期组中,14名患者(1.2%)患有复发性AIS;脑出血4例(0.3%)。

30天结果(A) 复发性AIS,(B)ICH和(C)中风

患者数据队列包括5421名患者,其中2871名被排除在外,5名患者被排除在外,因为ICH发生在接受DOAC治疗之前。最终队列包括2550名患者。总体而言,中位年龄为77岁(IQR 70-84),1204名患者为女性(47%)。接受早期DOAC治疗组的卒中严重程度较轻(NIHSS评分为4分(IQR 1-8)vs 6分(IQR 3-12),p<0.001)。

亚组分析。研究终点包括复发性急性缺血性卒中、颅内出血等发生后30天内任何原因的死亡率。

2455例(95.5%)为AIS,95例(4.5%)为TIA。在发病前,773名(37%)患者接受抗血小板治疗,497名(19%)患者接受口服抗凝剂治疗,有76名患者在口服抗凝治疗下出现卒中,并且抗凝治疗没有中断。入院时NIHSS评分缺失160例(6.3%),肾功能缺失276例(10.8%),静脉溶栓信息缺失22例(0.9%)。37名患者出现复发AIS(1.5%),其中57%发生在DOAC治疗后(21/37)。6名患者患有脑出血(0.2%),15名患者在前30天内死亡(0.6%)。任何卒中的30天综合发生率为1.7%(43/2550)。

总之,研究结果并不能证实早期使用DOAC抗凝能够增加ICH风险,复发性AIS的风险是ICH的七倍,其中近一半发生在接受DOAC治疗之前。这表明在心房颤动患者发生AIS后接受早期DOAC治疗是合理的。

De Marchis GMSeiffge DJSchaedelin S, et al Early versus late start of direct oral anticoagulants after acute ischaemic stroke linked to atrial fibrillation: an observational study and individual patient data pooled analysis

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    2021-10-14 sodoo

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