AJKD:利妥昔单抗+低剂量环磷酰胺+强的松联合治疗原发性膜性肾病的疗效

2021-12-03 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

研究者建议将利妥昔单抗、低剂量环磷酰胺和强的松联合作为一种多管齐下的治疗方法,用于治疗原发性MN患者。

原发性膜性肾病(MN)是一种肾脏局限性自身免疫性疾病,由针对内源性足细胞抗原的致病性IgG自身抗体引起,上皮下间隙原位免疫复合物的形成导致补体介导了足细胞损伤。临床上,肾病综合征随之而来的是静脉血栓栓塞、心血管疾病和免疫缺陷风险。

用利妥昔单抗去除B细胞已成为MN的一线治疗方法。然而,大多数患者在使用利妥昔单抗治疗后不能完全缓解。在本病例系列中,研究者报告了原发性MN患者接受利妥昔单抗联合小剂量口服环磷酰胺和快速减量强的松治疗后的长期缓解率和复发率、抗磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)抗体水平、B细胞水平和严重不良事件。

在马萨诸塞州总医院血管炎和肾小球肾炎中心,60名原发性MN患者接受了利妥昔单抗、低剂量环磷酰胺和强的松联合治疗。治疗开始后,中位随访时间为38(四分位间距[IQR],25-62)个月。

结果发现,100%的患者获得部分缓解:尿蛋白肌酐比率(UPCR)<3 g/g,与基线相比减少50%,中位数为3.4个月。治疗开始后2年,83%的患者完全缓解:UPCR<0.3 g/g。完全缓解的中位时间为12.4个月。在治疗开始后的3个月和6个月,86%和100%的抗PLA2R血清阳性患者(n=29)获得免疫缓解(定义为抗PLA2R滴度<14 RU/mL)。1年后,平均UPCR从8.4降至0.3 g/g(P<0.001)。

部分和完全缓解的Kaplan-Meier曲线

在整个B细胞耗竭期间,没有患者复发。10%的患者在最后一次服用美罗华后B细胞重建开始2年后复发。在228个患者年的联合随访期间,发生了18起严重不良事件。1例死亡与治疗或原发性MN无关,1例进展为肾衰竭,需要肾脏替代治疗。

治疗期间的B细胞耗竭曲线

 

总之,研究者建议将利妥昔单抗、低剂量环磷酰胺和强的松联合作为一种多管齐下的治疗方法,用于治疗原发性MN患者,这些患者在保守治疗的情况下进展为肾衰竭或持续性肾病的风险更高。

 

参考文献:Reza Zonozi, Karen Laliberte, Noah R. Huizenga, et al.  Combination of Rituximab, Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide, and Prednisone for Primary Membranous Nephropathy: A Case Series With Extended Follow Up, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Volume 78, Issue 6, 2021, Pages 793-803, ISSN 0272-6386, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.04.014.

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