Nat Commun:地西他滨处理CAR-T细胞,能增强其抗肿瘤活性

2021-01-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

针对CD19抗原的CAR-T细胞免疫疗法已在白血病和淋巴瘤患者中显示出显著的临床疗效。目前全球已经有3款CAR-T疗法(Kymriah、Yescarta和Tecartus)获得批准上市。但是,CAR-

目前全球已经有3款CAR-T疗法(Kymriah、Yescarta和Tecartus)获得批准上市。针对CD19抗原的CAR-T细胞免疫疗法已在白血病和淋巴瘤患者中显示出显著的临床疗效。但是,CAR-T不是对所有的血液肿瘤都有好的效果,例如在急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)中表现并不理想。主要原因在于CAR-T细胞进入体内,不足以形成足够的细胞因子,以及CAR-T的持久性欠佳,从而导致疗效不佳或易于复发。

CAR-T细胞持久性的决定因素,除了固有的T细胞质量和初始T细胞表型,还没有完全阐明。临床前模型显示,长期存在的、具有更幼稚/干细胞/中央记忆样T细胞(Tscm/Tcm)表型的CAR-T细胞可实现对血液肿瘤和实体瘤的最佳控制。

1月18日,解放军总医院韩为东教授团队在Nature Communications在杂志以“Low-dose decitabine priming endows CAR T cells with enhanced and persistent antitumour potential via epigenetic reprogramming”为题发表了一篇研究性论文。研究发现,去甲基化药物decitabine(地西他滨)处理的CAR-T细胞(dCAR-T),在体外和体内研究中的抗肿瘤活性,细胞因子产生和增殖均得到增强。此外,dCAR-T细胞可以在低剂量下根除体积庞大的肿瘤,并在肿瘤再攻击时建立有效的记忆反应。

在该研究中,研究人员使用低剂量(10 nM 到 1000 nM) 地西他滨处理CAR-T(dCAR-T细胞),与未处理的CAR-T细胞相比,dCAR-T细胞中CD4:CD8 T细胞比率增加,并且中央记忆细胞(Tcm,CD45RO + LCD62L +)和CD25阳性T细胞群体升高。在没有靶细胞刺激的情况下,dCAR-T细胞比CAR-T细胞分泌更高水平的T细胞增殖相关细胞因子IL-2和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)。这个结果与地西他滨治疗可持续诱导DNMT3a降解相关。

figure1
Fig. 1: CAR T cells treated with decitabine (DAC) show less differentiation and enhanced memory.

为了进一步确定不同的表型和功能模式以及甲基化修饰模式,研究对处于“静息状态”(未受抗原或肿瘤细胞刺激)的dCAR-T和CAR-T细胞进行了全基因组转录谱分析和全DNA甲基化分析。与CAR-T细胞相比,dCAR-T细胞中全DNA甲基化组的平均β值降低,在dCAR-T细胞中有1034个基因启动子相关的CpG位点被下调。

进一步,在ALL和NHL小鼠模型中进行了体内研究,同样发现与常规的CAR-T细胞相比,dCAR-T细胞显示出强大的肿瘤抑制能力。dCAR-T细胞的PD1/TIM3/LAG3表达明显低于CAR-T细胞,而正常CAR-T细胞表现出高耗竭表型,在ALL模型中扩增减少。在体内扩增方面,dCAR-T细胞的扩增能力远远优于CAR-T细胞,并且这种高扩增维持了1个月以上。

figure6

Fig. 6: dCAR T cells exhibit enhanced tumour-free survival and effective recall responses.

figure7

Fig. 7: dCAR T cells display enhanced in vivo antitumour activity against a large tumour burden at the lowest dose examined.

研究表明,dCAR-T细胞可引发有效的T细胞记忆反应,实现T细胞再扩增并在肿瘤再攻击后杀伤肿瘤。相比之下,单纯的CAR-T细胞往往无法控制肿瘤再发,自身在体内无法再被检测到。

这项研究的价值在于,通过表观遗传的修饰调控,可能能强化CAR-T细胞治疗效果,甚至可以拓展CAR-T在更多血液肿瘤中的应用前景,甚至能成为优化CAR-T治疗的新的策略。

事实上,早在2015年,Renner C等人就发现,在乳腺癌细胞株MCF7中,采用10 μM 地西他滨(DAC)处理72小时,就能诱导NY-ESO-1表达,并增强CAR-T对其杀伤作用。在2019,2020年,两篇文章也发现地西他滨能够增强CAR-T细胞的作用,可能有助于白血病等治疗。这些研究为本研究提供很好地支持与铺垫作用,也为今后从表观遗传角度提升CAR-T的作用,带来新的思路。

原始出处:

Wang Y, Tong C, Dai H, Wu Z, Han X, Guo Y, Chen D, Wei J, Ti D, Liu Z, Mei Q, Li X, Dong L, Nie J, Zhang Y, Han W. Low-dose decitabine priming endows CAR T cells with enhanced and persistent antitumour potential via epigenetic reprogramming.Nat Commun. 2021 Jan 18;12(1):409. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20696-x

Li S, Xue L, Wang M, Qiang P, Xu H, Zhang X, Kang W, You F, Xu H, Wang Y, Liu X, Yang L, Wang X. Decitabine enhances cytotoxic effect of T cells with an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor in treatment of lymphoma.Onco Targets Ther. 2019 Jul 12;12:5627-5638. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S198567

You L, Han Q, Zhu L, Zhu Y, Bao C, Yang C, Lei W, Qian W.Decitabine-Mediated Epigenetic Reprograming Enhances Anti-leukemia Efficacy of CD123-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells.Front Immunol. 2020 Aug 18;11:1787. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01787

Klar AS, Gopinadh J, Kleber S, Wadle A, Renner C.Treatment with 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine Induces Expression of NY-ESO-1 and Facilitates Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Mediated Tumor Cell Killing.PLoS One. 2015 Oct 8;10(10):e0139221. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139221

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    2021-08-22 病毒猎手

    #韩为东#教授的研究成果,#地西他滨#有可能成为新一代的#肿瘤免疫治疗#调节药物,不管是实体瘤还是血液肿瘤

    0

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    2021-10-02 仁者大医
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    2021-10-29 liye789132251
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    2021-12-01 liuli5079

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