Alzheimer's & Dementia :英国**大学合作发现:中度的大脑病理改变可显著加速痴呆

2021-03-18 Freeman MedSci原创

英国顶尖大学联合发现:中度的大脑病理改变可显著加速痴呆



年龄相关性痴呆的特点是细胞内和细胞外沉积的错误折叠和聚集的蛋白质或脑血管病变(CVLs)。

目前,脑组织的死后神经病理评估是诊断和分类基础疾病的唯一明确方法。识别标志蛋白的聚集,例如,阿尔茨海默病(AD)中的细胞外淀粉样β(Aβ)斑块和细胞内高磷酸化tau(Hpτ;神经纤维缠结和神经线)或细胞内α-synuclein(α-syn。Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites)在Lewy body dementia(LBD)中,包括帕金森病(PD)、PD伴痴呆(PDD)和Lewy bodies痴呆(DLB),如果这些蛋白的存在严重程度和范围满足相应疾病的诊断标准,则可导致疾病的神经病理学诊断。

此外,脑血管病(CVD)和CVL可能是神经系统疾病的神经病理相关因素。然而,这些标志病变并不是相互排斥的,在老年人的大脑中,只存在一种特征性病理,即单纯性病理(PurP)是个例外:大多数大脑表现出多种病理,这种情况被称为脑多发病( cerebral multimorbidity)。

神经系统受损者脑多病症的程度从一种主要疾病伴有低/中级附加病理(additional LowP),单独引起临床症状的可能性较低,如AD伴有轻微的CVL;到两种(或多种)疾病的标志性病理非常严重,任何一种都可以独立引起认知障碍的病例,如AD和DLB,可归入混合严重病理(mixed SevP),可诊断为混合AD/DLB。

老年大脑经常表现出多种病理,而不是单一的标志病理(纯病理[PurP]),从低/中等水平的附加病理(LowP)到混合严重病理(混合SevP)

脑痴呆症研究(BDR)计划于2008年在英国启动,病人死后大脑标本捐赠给英国脑库(即布里斯托尔,伦敦国王学院,曼彻斯特,纽卡斯尔,和牛津),然后对大脑病理采样和标准化的神经病理评估。


纽卡斯尔大学的Kirsty E. McAleese等人,利用BDR队列探究了常见的年龄相关神经退行性病变和CVD的神经病理频率,并区分了PurP、单一主病与额外LowP和混合SevP。他们还分析了附加LowP对认知能力下降率和痴呆严重程度的影响。


基于BDR的670例标本,病例被分为PurP,混合SevP,或主要疾病与附加LowP;508例有临床痴呆评级。

他们发现:69.9%的病例有LowP,22.7%有PurP,7.5%有混合性SevP。额外的LowP使轻度痴呆与轻度认知障碍(MCI)的可能性增加了近20倍(几率比=19.5)。

这个大型病理研究的意义在于发现了: 大多数老年人有多种脑部病变。一个额外的LowP在可以显著导致认知能力下降,使从MCI转变为痴呆的风险增加20倍。在痴呆症研究和临床研究中应考虑脑多病症。

原文出处:
McAleese, K. E., Colloby, S. J., Thomas, A. J., Al‐Sarraj, S., Ansorge, O., Neal, J., ... & Attems, J. (2021). Concomitant neurodegenerative pathologies contribute to the transition from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. _Alzheimer's & Dementia_.

 

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    2021-10-30 showtest
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    2021-03-25 12548

    学习到了,谢谢

    0

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    2021-03-18 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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    2021-03-18 12518379m76暂无昵称

    学习l

    0

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