JCEM:“传统江南膳食”和“地中海膳食”对减重及糖代谢改善哪个更好?

2022-05-23 SINH SINH

该研究显示,传统江南膳食在减重与血糖稳态控制方面均表现出与地中海膳食类似的效果。

近日,国际内分泌和代谢性疾病领域的专业期刊《临床内分泌与代谢杂志》(Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)在线发表了中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所林旭研究组与上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院宁光院士/王计秋研究员团队合作研究论文“Isocaloric-restricted Mediterranean diet and Chinese diets high or low in plants in adults with prediabetes”。该研究首次通过临床干预比较了源于国内外不同地区的高植物性膳食模式—“传统江南膳食”和“地中海膳食”在减重及糖代谢稳态调控方面的效能。  

地中海膳食已连续多年被美国“新闻与世界报道”评为最佳综合膳食模式并已得到了国外专家学者的广泛推崇。由于中西方人群在饮食习惯、遗传和代谢表型方面均存在较大的差异,目前仍不清楚基于西方人群研究提出的健康膳食模式是否适用于中国人群。此外,适当的能量限制结合健康膳食模式是目前在高风险人群中预防2型糖尿病的主要策略,然而迄今为止鲜有研究比较同等能量限制条件不同膳食模式的作用。

图1展示了地中海膳食模式的主要特点,而作为我国南方地区的代表性膳食模式,“传统江南膳食”除了新鲜蔬菜、水果和全谷物,限制红肉等与地中海膳食类似的推荐外,还因地制宜地提倡豆制品、淡水鱼的摄入以及多不饱和脂肪酸植物油的使用。而这一为国人普遍接受的膳食模式是否具有与地中海膳食相媲美的健康效能,尚需通过临床干预进行系统评价。 

在中科院资助下,林旭研究员团队与瑞金医院宁光院士/王计秋研究员等合作,在本项平行化的随机对照干预中,共招募了 253名年龄25-60岁、超重或肥胖(BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2)且空腹血糖偏高(≥ 5.6 mmol/L)的志愿者。他们被随机分配到3种等能量限制(25%能量限制)膳食组:地中海膳食组(84人),传统江南膳食组(85人),或高精米和红肉摄入的对照膳食组(84人)。在为期6个月的干预中,研究人员每周在5个工作日中向志愿者提供早中晚三餐,并通过连接手机应用的体重秤和智能手环来动态监控体重和运动步数变化。志愿者分别在基线、干预3个月和6个月时受邀参加包括口服葡萄糖耐量试验、连续血糖监测、腹部脂肪检测(核磁共振)在内的体检。通过系统的分析,林旭组博士生罗耀淦和副研究员孙亮等发现:

1)在6个月25%能量限制的干预后,地中海膳食组减重5.72 kg(95% CI:5.03,6.40),传统江南膳食组减重5.05 kg(95% CI:4.38,5.73),对照膳食组减重5.38 kg(95% CI: 4.70,6.06),同时腹部脂肪减少在3组之间也无显著统计学差异,提示了在有效的能量控制下,膳食模式优化并不能进一步显著提升减重效果;

2)基于OGTT的空腹血糖、胰岛素、Matsuda指数(胰岛素敏感性指标)、血脂等心血管代谢指标在3组均显著改善,且无显著的组间差异;

3)值得注意的是,CGM结果显示(图2):与对照膳食组相比,地中海膳食组显著降低了干预6个月后低血糖(葡萄糖 < 3.9 mmol/L)时间比例[-0.81%(-1.40,-0.21),P = 0.024];传统江南膳食也具有类似的优势[-0.56%(-1.15,0.03),P = 0.065]。

总之,尽管摄入了更高比例的碳水化合物(7%),传统江南膳食在减重与血糖稳态控制方面均表现出与地中海膳食类似的效果。虽然传统江南膳食在我国长三角地区已具有悠久的历史,但作为新提炼出的膳食模式概念,“传统江南膳食”相关的研究刚刚起步,其食物组分及比例仍存在较大的提升空间,也期待更多的研究能够进一步优化我国本土膳食模式的最佳方案。

图片

 

图1.干预策略示意图

  图片 

  图2.干预过程体重、低血糖时间比例及夜间血糖波动变化  

上海营养与健康研究所博士研究生罗耀淦、瑞金医院王计秋研究员、上海营养与健康研究所孙亮副研究员、瑞金医院顾卫琼主任医师为论文的共同第一作者。宁光院士、林旭研究员和王计秋研究员为该论文的共同通讯作者。该课题得到获得了中国科学院战略性科技先导专项(B类)、中国科学院重点部署项目“新时期国民营养与粮食安全研究”,上海市科技重大专项“国际人类表型组计划(一期)”,以及上海市医药卫生发展基金的资助。  

原文链接:

https://academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-article/doi/10.1210/clinem/dgac303/6586710

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    2022-12-27 smallant2015
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    2022-09-13 achengzhao
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    2022-05-25 zhaojie88
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    2022-05-25 zz70
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    2022-05-25 wgx311

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对于已发生糖尿病及冠心病的胖人而言,减轻体重,改善胰岛素敏感性,是治疗的基础。

配方膳食可减重,并预防糖尿病!柳叶刀随机对照研究

近年来,2型糖尿病发病呈年轻化趋势。近日,柳叶刀杂志发表一项随机对照研究显示,在糖尿病早期(3年内),包括配方低能量膳食替代产品在内的强化生活方式干预,可以显着降低体重,改善血糖水平。

Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol:荟萃分析结果证实五种抗肥胖药可显著减轻肥胖的体重

肥胖症会显著增加患者的发病率和死亡率,因此,美国FDA目前已经批准了五种抗肥胖药物。几项3期试验显示,与安慰剂相比,这些药物能显著改善肥胖患者的心脑代谢状况,包括显著减轻体重。

超16万人研究:“逆转”糖尿病人数远超想象!他们都有这些特征!

PLOS Medicine:2019年苏格兰2型糖尿病缓解流行病学:一项基于人群的横断面研究

JAMA:GLP-1受体激动剂体重控制谁更强?索马鲁肽减重效果优于利拉鲁肽

对于肥胖或超重的非糖尿病患者,每周1次索马鲁肽的减重效果优于每日1次利拉鲁肽