Nature Chemical Biology:结直肠癌治疗新靶点——ALDH1B1

2022-07-10 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

结直肠癌(Colorectal Cancer,CRC)是全世界范围内发病率第三的癌症,每年新增发病人数近200万(仅次于乳腺癌和肺癌),每年导致的死亡人数接近100万(仅次于肺癌)。

结直肠癌(Colorectal Cancer,CRC)是全世界范围内发病率第三的癌症,每年新增发病人数近200万(仅次于乳腺癌和肺癌),每年导致的死亡人数接近100万(仅次于肺癌)。大约每25个人就有1人会在其一生中患上结直肠癌。

而在我国,结直肠癌年发病人数仅次于肝癌,2020年新增56万结直肠癌患者。更重要的是,近30年来,50岁以下的年轻人群中结直肠癌的发病率一直在上升。

肝脏中的乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)负责将乙醇(酒精)催化为乙醛,乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)负责将产生的乙醛进一步催化为无害的乙酸。在人类中,乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)家族有多种同工酶组成。

之前的研究在多种癌症中观察到存在高水平的 ALDH 活性的癌细胞,这些癌症干细胞具有更强的致瘤性、化疗抗性和转移能力。例如,乳腺癌、神经胶质瘤、黑色素瘤和非小细胞肺癌干细胞中存在高水平的 ALDH1A3,而结直肠癌(CRC)和胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)的癌症干细胞中 ALDH1B1 高表达。

近日,斯坦福大学 James K. Chen 教授团队在 Nature Chemical Biology 期刊发表了题为:Targeting colorectal cancer with small-molecule inhibitors of ALDH1B1 的研究论文。

该研究开发出了一种 ALDH1B1 选择性抑制剂——IGUANA-1,该抑制剂能够选择性抑制 ALDH1B1,从而抑制结直肠癌细胞和结直肠癌细胞来源的类器官的生长,证实了 ALDH1B1 在结直肠癌中的重要作用,也为结直肠癌的治疗只出了新方向。

ALDH1B1 是 ALDH 家族的医院,位于线粒体中,ALDH1B1 在结直肠癌中显着上调,而降低 ALDH1B1 表达则能够抑制结直肠癌的生长。此外,ALDH1B1 还在人胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)中高表达,是 KRAS 基因突变驱动的胰腺导管腺癌基因工程小鼠所必需的。

在这项最新研究中,研究团队开发了一种 ALDH1B1 选择性抑制剂——IGUANA-1,这是一种胍类和咪唑类小分子化合物,这两种药效团都能靶向 ALDH1B1 活性位点并抑制其功能,而且,胍类还避免了咪唑类所表现出的脱靶线粒体毒性。

IGUANA-1 能够选择性靶向抑制 ALDH1B1 蛋白,从而抑制结直肠癌细胞和结直肠癌类器官的生长。

研究团队还通过单细胞转录组测序进一步揭示了抑制 ALDH1B1 后受影响的基因表表达情况,其中多种与线粒体代谢相关的基因(ATP5ME、ATP5PO、LDHB、NDUFB1、NDUFB8、NDUFC2、NDUF1A、NDUFA9、NDUFA11、UQCR11)和核糖体生物发生和功能相关的基因(RPL15A、RPL21、RPL26、RPL29、RPL38、TMA7)下调。此外,KRT15 和 DCLK1 基因的表达也随之下调,这两个基因是结直肠癌干细胞的遗传标志物。

总的来说,这项研究支持了 ALDH1B1 在结直肠癌中的重要作用,显示了 ALDH1B1 抑制剂是一种有潜力的结直肠癌治疗方法,为开发 ALDH1B1 靶向疗法提供了新方向。

原始出处:

Feng, Z., Hom, M.E., Bearrood, T.E. et al. Targeting colorectal cancer with small-molecule inhibitors of ALDH1B1. Nat Chem Biol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-022-01048-w.

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    2023-06-18 sunylz
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    2023-01-10 stfoxst
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    2022-07-12 lsndxfj
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    2022-07-12 zhangjingnwpu
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