Diabetes:胰岛素抵抗可增加细胞外囊泡的分泌

2018-07-27 MedSci MedSci原创

2型糖尿病是一种慢性的年龄相关的退行性代谢性疾病,主要是由于胰岛素分泌不足以及胰岛素抵抗。细胞外囊泡(EVs;外泌体,细胞微泡和凋亡小体)是一类微小的(50-400nM)包裹了液体的小泡,可运输功能性的蛋白、核酸和脂质,是细胞内通讯系统的一部分。近期小鼠和培养细胞的研究发现EVs可调节胰岛素信号。David W. Freeman等人设计了一个关于正常血糖、糖尿病前期和糖尿病患者的交叉纵向队列研究。

2型糖尿病是一种慢性的年龄相关的退行性代谢性疾病,主要是由于胰岛素分泌不足以及胰岛素抵抗。细胞外囊泡(EVs;外泌体,细胞微泡和凋亡小体)是一类微小的(50-400nM)包裹了液体的小泡,可运输功能性的蛋白、核酸和脂质,是细胞内通讯系统的一部分。

近期小鼠和培养细胞的研究发现EVs可调节胰岛素信号。David W. Freeman等人设计了一个关于正常血糖、糖尿病前期和糖尿病患者的交叉纵向队列研究。

与血糖正常的受试者相比,糖尿病患者循环中的EVs明显更高。通过细胞特异性EV试验,研究人员发现糖尿病时红细胞来源的EVs要更高。此外,研究人员还发现胰岛素抵抗会增加EV分泌。而且,β细胞功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗严重的个体来源的EVs的胰岛素信号蛋白水平发生变化。糖尿病患者来源的EVs会优先被循环的白细胞摄取。将单核细胞与糖尿病患者来源的EVs一起孵育时,培养基和EVs中的细胞因子水平升高。进一步研究表明白细胞中基因表达水平改变的信号通路主要是与细胞存活、氧化应激和免疫功能相关。

综上所述,David W. Freeman等人的研究表明胰岛素抵抗可增加EVs的分泌,糖尿病患者的EVs会优先被白细胞摄取,并可改变白细胞功能。

原始出处:

David W. Freeman, et al. Altered Extracellular Vesicle Concentration, Cargo and Function in Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes  2018 Jul;  db171308. https://doi.org/10.2337/db17-1308

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    2019-05-16 gwc392
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    2019-02-10 baoya
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