JAMA Oncol:免疫检查点抑制剂相关致命性并发症 你造吗?

2019-01-16 常路 环球医学

免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)目前是癌症治疗的革命性突破和支柱。虽然罕见,但爆发性和致命性毒性反应会使这些革命性疗法变得复杂化,描述这些事件需要整合全球数据。2018年12月,发表在《JAMA Oncol》的一项系统评价和Meta分析调查了,与免疫检查点抑制剂相关的致命毒性反应。

免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)目前是癌症治疗的革命性突破和支柱。虽然罕见,但爆发性和致命性毒性反应会使这些革命性疗法变得复杂化,描述这些事件需要整合全球数据。2018年12月,发表在《JAMA Oncol》的一项系统评价和Meta分析调查了,与免疫检查点抑制剂相关的致命毒性反应。

目的:旨在确定致命性免疫检查点抑制剂相关毒性反应的谱系、时间和临床特征。

设计、设置和参与者:研究人员回顾性查询了包含超过16000000例不良药物反应的世界卫生组织药物警戒数据库(Vigilyze)和7个医学中心的记录。研究人员使用大型学术医疗中心、全球WHO药物警戒数据、所有发表的免疫检查点抑制剂临床试验的数据,进行了发表的抗程序性死亡-1/配体-1(PD-1/PD-L1)和抗细胞毒T淋巴细胞抗原-4(CTLA-4)的试验的Meta分析,从而评估免疫检查点抑制剂相关毒性反应的发生率。这些数据的研究对象均为世界上接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的癌症患者。

暴露:抗CTLA-4(伊匹单抗或曲美木单抗)、抗PD-1(纳武利尤单抗、帕博利珠单抗)、抗PD-L1(阿托唑单抗、阿维拉姆单抗、杜伐单抗)。

主要结局和测量:免疫检查点抑制剂相关毒性反应的时间、谱系、结局和发生率。

结果:Vigilyze数据库显示,2009年~2018年1月全球共报告了613例致命性免疫检查点抑制剂毒性事件。各治疗方案间的谱系具有广泛差异:总共有193例抗CTLA-4死亡,多数通常是结肠炎引起的(135例(70%)),而抗PD-1/PD-L1相关死亡常因肺炎(333(35%))、肝炎(115(22%))、神经系统毒性反应(50(15%))引起。PD-1联合CTLA-4导致的死亡常因结肠炎(32(37%))和心肌炎(22(25%))引起。致命性毒性反应一般在联合治疗、抗PD-1和伊匹单抗单一治疗初始后的早期发生(分别中位14.5、40和40天)。心肌炎具有最高的致死率(52/131例报告病例(39.7%)),而内分泌事件和结肠炎仅有2%~5%的报告致死率,其他器官系统毒性反应的报告致死率为10%~17%。对来自于7个学术中心的3545名免疫检查点抑制剂治疗患者的回顾性分析显示,致死率为0.6%,心脏和神经系统事件尤其显着(43%)。从症状发作到死亡的中位时间为32天。对包括19217名患者的112项试验进行的Meta分析显示,毒性相关致死率分别为:抗PD-1为0.36%,抗PD-L1为0.38%,抗CTLA-4为1.08%,PD-1/PD-L1+CTLA-4为1.23%。

结论和意义:据研究人员所知,这是迄今为止发表的致命性免疫检查点抑制剂相关毒性反应的最大型评估。评估显示,早期发生死亡具有各种原因,并且常取决于治疗方案。各个学科的医生应该知道这些不常见的致命性并发症。

原始出处:

Wang DY, Salem JE, Cohen JV, et al. Fatal Toxic Effects Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Dec 1;4(12):1721-1728. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.3923.

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    2019-08-26 jklm09
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    2019-07-02 minlingfeng
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    2019-02-10 丁鹏鹏
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    2019-01-16 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

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癌症免疫疗法改变了癌症的治疗,但免疫治疗相关的不良事件也较常见。2018年12月,发表在《Lancet Oncol》的一项观察性、回顾性、药物警戒研究调查了,免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)相关的心血管毒性。

Prostate Cancer P D: 免疫检查点阻断结合冷冻消融术在前列腺癌中治疗的分析

前列腺癌在男性中仍旧是癌症引起死亡的第二大主导因素。免疫检查点阻断抗体治疗彻底改变了多种实体肿瘤的治疗方式,但是在前列腺癌中的治疗结果仍旧不清楚。之间的研究表明了局部治疗,尤其是冷冻消融术治疗也许会增加肿瘤的免疫原性。最近,有研究人员调查了肿瘤冷冻消融术语检查点阻断抗体之间的潜在的协同作用。研究发现,利用抗CTLA-4抗体和冷冻消融术治疗,能够显著的推迟远距离肿瘤的生长,长达14.8天(p=0.0

Lancet Oncol:免疫检查点阻滞剂在消化道肿瘤的又一片试验田

免疫检查点阻滞剂在肝癌中也正如火如荼地开展,作为一个II期研究,Keynote-224研究在既往接受过索拉非尼治疗的肝癌患者中进行,该研究显示帕博利珠单抗对接受过索拉非尼治疗的晚期肝癌患者有效而且毒性可耐受,表明帕博利珠单抗可作为这些患者的治疗选择之一。

Brit J Cancer:转移性肾细胞癌免疫组合治疗后VEGFR TKI治疗效果研究

研究人员发现,那些接受了一线基于免疫的组合疗法(IC)包括免疫检查点抑制剂(CPI)以及接受了随后的系统性治疗的患者的治疗结果到目前仍旧未知。最近,有研究人员对那些患有透明细胞肾细胞癌(mRCC)的连续性病人进行了回顾性分析。研究总共包括了33名患者【平均年龄57岁(37-77),85%为男性,73% ECOG 0】。对那些可以评价的患者(N=28),第一次后续治疗最好的响应为29%具有响应,54