Nat Med:疟疾增加非洲儿童铁缺乏症发病风险

2021-02-25 xiaozeng MedSci原创

疟疾和铁缺乏症(ID)是整个撒哈拉以南非洲地区的一大的公共卫生问题,其在非洲儿童中非常常见,二者之间的关系复杂且尚未完全清楚。

疟疾和铁缺乏症(ID)是整个撒哈拉以南非洲地区的一大的公共卫生问题,其在非洲儿童中非常常见,二者之间的关系复杂且尚未完全清楚。

ID可能是由多种因素引起的,包括低铁饮食、多铁酚和肌醇六磷酸等饮食性铁抑制剂以及蠕虫感染。通过片剂或糖浆和微量营养素粉补充铁是控制儿童ID和贫血的主要干预措施。


然而,在疟疾流行的国家里,铁补充剂的安全性和有效性一直备受质疑。在这些国家中,铁补充剂可能使个体易患疟疾和其他感染,因此急需新的管理策略。

镰刀状细胞性状(HbAS)与铁缺乏症的预防相关

目前已知疟疾可通过多种机制引起贫血,包括破坏寄生和非寄生的红细胞。该过程会影响血红蛋白的浓度,破坏的红细胞释放的铁元素并不会丢失,可以回收利用。既往的观测数据显示,中断疟疾的传播会降低ID的患病率。然而观察性研究容易引起反向因果关系和混淆,因此很难获得准确的因果关系推论。


为了检验疟疾可能导致ID的假说,研究人员采用了孟德尔随机化分析方法,通过镰刀状细胞性状(HbAS,rs334)作为孟德尔随机化分析中的工具变量,该遗传突变能够赋予对疟疾的特异性保护。

疟疾引起铁缺乏症的潜在机制

研究人员发现,在非洲疟疾流行国家的儿童中,HbAS与ID降低30%相关(n = 7,453),但在无疟疾地区中却无相关性(n = 3,818)。进一步的研究显示,遗传预测的疟疾风险与疟疾对数发病率每增加一个单位的ID比值比相关,该比值比为2.65。这说明,如将疟疾发病风险降低一半则会使的非洲儿童中ID的患病率降低49%。


总而言之,该研究结果显示,疟疾会增加非洲儿童ID的发病风险。研究人员建议,预防和治疗疟疾及其他感染的策略应成为控制非洲儿童铁缺乏症发病的组成部分。且在未来的研究中应该开展疟疾控制试验来证实这些发现。


原始出处:

Muriuki, J.M., Mentzer, A.J., Mitchell, R. et al. Malaria is a cause of iron deficiency in African children. Nat Med (22 February 2021).

 

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