Nature Food: 精制淀粉和糖要为全球肥胖和糖尿病负责!

2020-03-30 中国循环杂志 中国循环杂志

近期,Nature子刊一篇文章指出,要解决目前肥胖和2型糖尿病流行,要从食物入手,应当吃具有生物活性的食物,例如水果、坚果、种子、非淀粉类蔬菜、豆类、植物油、全谷物、酸奶和鱼,而少吃加工食物。

近期,Nature子刊一篇文章指出,要解决目前肥胖和2型糖尿病流行,要从食物入手,应当吃具有生物活性的食物,例如水果、坚果、种子、非淀粉类蔬菜、豆类、植物油、全谷物、酸奶和鱼,而少吃加工食物。

大量新的研究证明,要解决肥胖和糖尿病的问题,要关注食物的类型和饮食质量,而非营养素。

文章指出,水果、非淀粉类蔬菜、坚果、豆类、酸奶、鱼和全谷类食品可减轻体重。

相反,多吃精制的碳水化合物和糖、含糖饮料、土豆、加工肉类和未加工红肉等可导致体重增加。

比如,同样的热量,吃不加工食品可减轻0.9公斤体重,而深加工食品增加了0.9公斤的体重。

食物质量也影响能量消耗。一项研究发现,与高碳水化合物饮食相比,进食20周的中等程度碳水化合物的总能量消耗增加了每天100千卡/天,低碳水化合物饮食增加了200千卡/天。这一现象在胰岛素分泌最明显的人群中最明显。

现有证据表明,最有益处的膳食模式为:

多吃具有生物活性的食物,要做到少加工,例如水果、坚果、种子、非淀粉类蔬菜、豆类、植物油、全谷物、酸奶和鱼;

适量吃未加工红肉、禽肉、鸡蛋和牛奶;

避免吃细粮、糖、加工肉,以及盐、添加糖或反式脂肪含量高的其他深加工食物。

精制淀粉和糖要为肥胖和糖尿病负责

加工食品中的精制淀粉和糖是肥胖和2型糖尿病面临的最大挑战之一。包括白面包、白米、饼干、蛋糕、炸薯条、苏打水、糖、松饼和甜点等,与肥胖和糖尿病有关。

碳水化合物和相关概念太复杂,包括总碳水化合物、可溶性纤维、不溶性纤维、抗性淀粉、净碳水化合物、全谷类、添加糖、升糖指数和糖负荷等等。

因此,因强调该多吃的食物(例如水果和豆类),和少吃的种类(如糖饮料、白面包、白米饭和含糖早餐麦片等)更有意义。


脂肪


富含不饱和脂肪的食物,如坚果、种子、鳄梨和橄榄油、豆类和葡萄籽中的油脂,可改善血糖控制,降低胰岛素抵抗和降低患2型糖尿病的风险。

红肉

多吃红肉和加工肉都与糖尿病和肥胖有关,加工肉类的风险大约是未加工肉的两倍。可能与使用防腐剂(如钠和亚硝酸盐)或高温烹饪有关。

咖啡和茶有助于维持体重,降低糖尿病风险。

文章指出,自1980年以来,全球肥胖成年人的数量已从1亿增加到6.71亿;2型糖尿病从1.08亿至4.22亿。

中国的糖尿病患病率已超过美国。全球肥胖症增加的55%是由于农村而非城市地区增加。

已发现食品中已有成千上万种不同的微量植物营养,包括5,000多种具有广泛的分子和生理作用的类黄酮,共同影响了可可、茶、咖啡、水果、坚果、种子、蔬菜、豆类及其油类对健康的作用。

因此,不能仅根据热量来判断食物的长期致肥胖作用,还应考虑食品对机体生理和代谢作用。

新近公布的《中国健康生活方式预防心血管代谢疾病指南》也建议“平衡膳食”模式,包括食物品种多样,以谷类为主,注意能量平衡,多食蔬果、奶类和大豆,适量鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉,减少盐和油,限制糖和酒,经常饮茶。


原始出处:
Dariush Mozaffarian,et al. Dietary and policy priorities to reduce the globalcrises of obesity and diabetes. Nature Food, 2020, 1: 38–50.

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    2020-04-08 liye789132251
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    2020-10-29 lovetcm

    要解决目前#肥胖##2型糖尿病#流行,要从食物入手,应当吃具有生物活性的食物,例如#水果##坚果#、种子、非淀粉类#蔬菜##豆类#、植物油、#全谷物##酸奶##鱼类#,而少吃加工食物。包括红肉,精米,精制淀粉等,天然就是健康,这句话仍然是对的

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884205, encodeId=a90d18842058c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 13:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=895305, encodeId=719189530534, content=要解决目前<a href='/topic/show?id=3ad9818917c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肥胖#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=d20f1090c2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#2型糖尿病#</a>流行,要从食物入手,应当吃具有生物活性的食物,例如<a href='/topic/show?id=62d664184ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水果#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=d04f4148924' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坚果#</a>、种子、非淀粉类<a href='/topic/show?id=410e8840ea2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蔬菜#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=260c921855d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#豆类#</a>、植物油、<a href='/topic/show?id=90a4296626f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全谷物#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=56f795594f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酸奶#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=4c511028e37f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鱼类#</a>,而少吃加工食物。包括红肉,精米,精制淀粉等,天然就是健康,这句话仍然是对的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81891, encryptionId=3ad9818917c, topicName=肥胖), TopicDto(id=1090, encryptionId=d20f1090c2, topicName=2型糖尿病), TopicDto(id=64184, encryptionId=62d664184ac, topicName=水果), TopicDto(id=41489, encryptionId=d04f4148924, topicName=坚果), TopicDto(id=88407, encryptionId=410e8840ea2, topicName=蔬菜), TopicDto(id=92185, encryptionId=260c921855d, topicName=豆类), TopicDto(id=29662, encryptionId=90a4296626f, topicName=全谷物), TopicDto(id=95594, encryptionId=56f795594f8, topicName=酸奶), TopicDto(id=102873, encryptionId=4c511028e37f, topicName=鱼类)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Oct 29 09:56:20 CST 2020, time=2020-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1715594, encodeId=0a991e155947a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a217e58972' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#food#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7589, encryptionId=a217e58972, topicName=food)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Fri Aug 28 12:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2066238, encodeId=510e2066238b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6902954ea7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全球肥胖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29547, encryptionId=e6902954ea7, topicName=全球肥胖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3dd32500118, createdName=644982816_68283321, createdTime=Sun May 17 08:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1043037, encodeId=4941104303eab, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Mon Mar 30 23:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-28 智智灵药
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884205, encodeId=a90d18842058c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 13:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=895305, encodeId=719189530534, content=要解决目前<a href='/topic/show?id=3ad9818917c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肥胖#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=d20f1090c2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#2型糖尿病#</a>流行,要从食物入手,应当吃具有生物活性的食物,例如<a href='/topic/show?id=62d664184ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水果#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=d04f4148924' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坚果#</a>、种子、非淀粉类<a href='/topic/show?id=410e8840ea2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蔬菜#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=260c921855d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#豆类#</a>、植物油、<a href='/topic/show?id=90a4296626f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全谷物#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=56f795594f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酸奶#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=4c511028e37f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鱼类#</a>,而少吃加工食物。包括红肉,精米,精制淀粉等,天然就是健康,这句话仍然是对的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81891, encryptionId=3ad9818917c, topicName=肥胖), TopicDto(id=1090, encryptionId=d20f1090c2, topicName=2型糖尿病), TopicDto(id=64184, encryptionId=62d664184ac, topicName=水果), TopicDto(id=41489, encryptionId=d04f4148924, topicName=坚果), TopicDto(id=88407, encryptionId=410e8840ea2, topicName=蔬菜), TopicDto(id=92185, encryptionId=260c921855d, topicName=豆类), TopicDto(id=29662, encryptionId=90a4296626f, topicName=全谷物), TopicDto(id=95594, encryptionId=56f795594f8, topicName=酸奶), TopicDto(id=102873, encryptionId=4c511028e37f, topicName=鱼类)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Oct 29 09:56:20 CST 2020, time=2020-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1715594, encodeId=0a991e155947a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a217e58972' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#food#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7589, encryptionId=a217e58972, topicName=food)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Fri Aug 28 12:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2066238, encodeId=510e2066238b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6902954ea7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全球肥胖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29547, encryptionId=e6902954ea7, topicName=全球肥胖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3dd32500118, createdName=644982816_68283321, createdTime=Sun May 17 08:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1043037, encodeId=4941104303eab, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Mon Mar 30 23:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884205, encodeId=a90d18842058c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 13:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=895305, encodeId=719189530534, content=要解决目前<a href='/topic/show?id=3ad9818917c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肥胖#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=d20f1090c2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#2型糖尿病#</a>流行,要从食物入手,应当吃具有生物活性的食物,例如<a href='/topic/show?id=62d664184ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水果#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=d04f4148924' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坚果#</a>、种子、非淀粉类<a href='/topic/show?id=410e8840ea2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蔬菜#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=260c921855d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#豆类#</a>、植物油、<a href='/topic/show?id=90a4296626f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全谷物#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=56f795594f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酸奶#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=4c511028e37f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鱼类#</a>,而少吃加工食物。包括红肉,精米,精制淀粉等,天然就是健康,这句话仍然是对的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81891, encryptionId=3ad9818917c, topicName=肥胖), TopicDto(id=1090, encryptionId=d20f1090c2, topicName=2型糖尿病), TopicDto(id=64184, encryptionId=62d664184ac, topicName=水果), TopicDto(id=41489, encryptionId=d04f4148924, topicName=坚果), TopicDto(id=88407, encryptionId=410e8840ea2, topicName=蔬菜), TopicDto(id=92185, encryptionId=260c921855d, topicName=豆类), TopicDto(id=29662, encryptionId=90a4296626f, topicName=全谷物), TopicDto(id=95594, encryptionId=56f795594f8, topicName=酸奶), TopicDto(id=102873, encryptionId=4c511028e37f, topicName=鱼类)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Oct 29 09:56:20 CST 2020, time=2020-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1715594, encodeId=0a991e155947a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a217e58972' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#food#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7589, encryptionId=a217e58972, topicName=food)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Fri Aug 28 12:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2066238, encodeId=510e2066238b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6902954ea7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全球肥胖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29547, encryptionId=e6902954ea7, topicName=全球肥胖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3dd32500118, createdName=644982816_68283321, createdTime=Sun May 17 08:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1043037, encodeId=4941104303eab, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Mon Mar 30 23:53:20 CST 2020, time=2020-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-03-30 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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